History of Colombia

The Alianza Americana Anticomunista ("Anticommunist American Alliance" aka " Triple A") was a state terrorism and paramilitary far-right group mainly operating in Colombia during 1978 and 1979. It has frequently be considered as being one of the main arms of Operation Condor. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alianza Americana Anticomunista"

American Airlines Flight 965 was a scheduled flight from Miami International Airport in Miami, Florida to Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport in Cali, Colombia. Flight 965 crashed into a mountain in Buga, Colombia on December 20, 1995. ...more on Wikipedia about "American Airlines Flight 965"

Avianca Airlines Flight 203 was a Boeing 727 that was destroyed by a bomb over Colombia on November 27, 1989. ...more on Wikipedia about "Avianca Flight 203"

Avianca Flight 410 was a flight that crashed at 13:17 on March 17 1988, near Cúcuta, Colombia. The aircraft was a Boeing 727-21 operated by Avianca, the national airline of Colombia. Flight 410 was a regular scheduled domestic passenger flight from Cúcuta-Camilo Dazo Airport (CUC) to Cartagena-Rafael Nunez Airport (CTG). The aircraft crashed shortly after takeoff from runway 33 at Cúcuta. ...more on Wikipedia about "Avianca Flight 410"

During the Ninth Pan American Union (student) conference, a student conference organized by Argentine President Juan Peron ** , a violent riot known as the Bogotazo (loose translation: the sack of Bogotá, or shaking of Bogotá) occurred. This massive riot engendered a further ten years of violence during which at least 200,000 people died (a period known as la violencia) occurred in Colombia after the assassination of Liberal Party leader Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bogotazo"

The Bojayá massacre occurred on May 2, 2002 in the Colombian town of Bojayá, in Chocó province, Colombia. FARC guerrillas seized the town in a bloody attempt to take control of the Atrato river region from AUC paramilitaries. Terrified villagers took refuge inside a church, one of the only structures still standing in the town. An improvised gas-pipe explosive projectile (the ones commonly used by the FARC) was fired at the church by FARC combatants on the outskirts of town, destroying the church and killing 119 people inside the church, most of whom were women and children. It is widely considered to be the worst massacre in the duration of the 40 year Colombian armed conflict. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bojayá massacre"

Bolívar's campaign in New Granada in 1819- 1820 was part of Bolívar's War, struggle for Independence from Spanish Colonial rule of South America led by Simón Bolívar. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bolívar in New Granada"

Colombian Armed Conflict or Colombian Civil War are terms that are employed to refer to the current low intensity conflict in Colombia that has existed since approximately 1964 or 1966, which was when the FARC and later the ELN were founded and subsequently started their guerrilla insurgency campaigns against successive Colombian government administrations. ...more on Wikipedia about "Colombian Armed Conflict"

It's the Constitution of Colombia... ...more on Wikipedia about "Colombian Constitution of 1991"

The history of the Colombian communist struggle goes back as far as the 1920's and has its roots in the idealism of the Russian October Revolution. Today the guerrilla groups, self-proclaimed as communists, state that they want to seize state power in Colombia by violent means, and the organizations such as Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia the People's Army (FARC-EP) and the National Liberation Army (ELN) still continue their four decades old war with the United States backed Colombian government. Many social science experts around the world who have studied the historical events in Colombia suggest the influence and intervention, as in many other South American countries, of the United States of America and of the former Soviet Union to stop or enhance, given the case, of Communism in Colombia. The most popular characters in the history of communism in Colombia are Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Jaime Pardo Leal, Carlos Pizarro León-Gómez, Bernardo Jaramillo Ossa, and Jaime Bateman Cayón. All of these were assassinated under strange circumstances, and, according to some, evidence was present of the involvement of members of the Colombian Army and of United States organizations like the CIA. Currently, violent Guerrilla leaders like the founder of the FARC, Jacobo Arenas, or his successor, Manuel Marulanda Velez, self-proclaimed as "Communists", are involved in kidnapping, drug smuggling, and the killing of many innocent Colombian people, destroying the possibilities of establishing a "Communist State" in Colombia that would turn in fact into a dictatorial narco-state, as has happened in the areas controlled by the FARC today. The popularity of these Guerrilla groups in Colombia is minimal, but they force by violent means peasants in the Colombian country side who are chronically underserved by successive Colombian governments to work for them as soldiers or to cultivate drugs. ...more on Wikipedia about "Communism in Colombia"

The Constituent Assembly of Colombia ( Spanish: Asamblea Nacional Constituyente de Colombia) was formed on February 5, 1991, to draft Colombia's 1991 constitution. It was dissolved in June 1991, after the new document was adopted nationwide. ...more on Wikipedia about "Constituent Assembly of Colombia"

The Dominican embassy siege was the 1980 siege of the embassy of the Dominican Republic by M-19 guerrillas in Bogotá, Colombia. The guerrillas held nearly 60 people, including 14 ambassadors, hostage for 61 days. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dominican embassy siege"

This is the history of Colombia. See also history of South America and the history of present-day nations and states. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of Colombia"

"Marquetalia Republic" was a term used to unofficially refer to one of the enclaves in rural Colombia which Communist peasant guerrillas held during the aftermath of "La Violencia" (aprox. 1948 to 1955). Congressmen of the Colombian Conservative Party had considered that those enclaves, including Marquetalia, were "independent republics", which needed to be brought in line with the rest of the country through military force. This area was eventually overran by the Colombian army (during what was termed "Operation Marquetalia") in May 1964. ...more on Wikipedia about "Marquetalia Republic"

New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia. Before the 19th century independence struggles, the Viceroyalty of New Granada existed as a political and administrative entity which also extended to include oversight over local authorities in Ecuador and Venezuela. The name is still used as an alternative to Colombia by some of its neighbors. ...more on Wikipedia about "New Granada"

Operation Condor ( Spanish:Operación Cóndor, Portuguese:Operação Condor) was a campaign of assassination and intelligence-gathering, dubbed counter-terrorism, conducted jointly by the intelligence and security services of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay in the mid-1970s, as its main participants. Other countries such as Colombia, Peru and Venezuela also cooperated, to a greater or lesser degree, by providing intelligence information, responding to requests from the security services of the Southern Cone countries. The United States provided assistance with "a communications installation in the Panama Canal Zone" acknowledged by a cable released in 2000 under Chile declassification project. Kenneth Maxwell review of Peter Kornbluh's book The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability, in Foreign Affairs November/December 2003, pinpointed Henry Kissinger's influence in Operation Condor. Nearly ten nations of the American continent participated in the brutal campaign. ...more on Wikipedia about "Operation Condor"

The Palace of Justice siege was a 1985 attack against the Supreme Court of Colombia, in which members of the M-19 guerrilla group took over the Palace of Justice in Bogotá, Colombia, and held the Supreme Court hostage, intending to hold a trial against Colombian President Belisario Betancur. A government raid the next day left all the rebels and 11 justices dead, including the President of the Supreme Court. ...more on Wikipedia about "Palace of Justice siege"

The Unión Patriótica, Patriotic Union (UP), was a leftist Colombian political party founded by the FARC in 1985, as part of the peace negotiations that the guerrillas held with the Belisario Betancur administration. The party was subject to political violence from druglords, paramilitaries and rogue military agents during the mid- 1980s, leading to its eventual decline and virtual disappearance. ...more on Wikipedia about "Patriotic Union (Colombia)"

Great Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, was a short-lived republic in South America consisting of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. Its territory corresponded more or less to the jurisdiction of the Viceroyalty of New Granada. The official name at the time was the Republic of Colombia; the word "Gran" or "Greater" that precedes the name was not used by contemporaries, and is an addition by later historians in order to distinguish it from the present-day Republic of Colombia, so there never was a country named "Gran Colombia". ...more on Wikipedia about "Republic of Gran Colombia"

The Revolt of the Comuneros is series of uprisings by local inhabitants in New Granada, now Colombia, against the Spanish authorities between 1740 and 1779. While underlying causes may have been economic, ideas of freedom and self-government were expressed. These uprisings preceded the fight for liberation against Spanish colonialism that took place in the 19th century. ...more on Wikipedia about "Revolt of the Comuneros (New Granada)"

The Rodrigo Granda affair was an international incident that increased tension between Venezuela and Colombia between December 2004 and February 2005. == Events == On December 13, 2004, Rodrigo Granda, a member (the "foreign minister") of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, or "FARC"), was kidnapped by individual Venezuelan officials in Caracas, Venezuela, and taken to Cúcuta, Colombia (a departmental capital on the two nations' common border), where he was arrested by the Colombian authorities on December 14. ...more on Wikipedia about "Rodrigo Granda affair"

The Spanish Invasion of New Granada in 1815– 1816 was part of Bolívar's War in South America. ...more on Wikipedia about "Spanish Invasion of New Granada"

At the time the Spanish arrived in central Colombia the region had two kings; the Zipa, was the ruler of the southern part where today is Bogotá. The Zaque was the ruler or king of the northern area in Hunza, today Tunja. ...more on Wikipedia about "The Zipa"

In 1858 the country adopted the name Grenadine Confederation which was changed in 1863 to United States of Colombia by the Rionegro Constitution. The nine original states that conformed the confederation were Antioquia, Bolivar, Boyaca, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Panama, Santander and Tolima, and the territories of Caqueta, San Martin, Nevada and Motilones. ...more on Wikipedia about "United States of Colombia"

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