History of computing History of computing These notes, which are more extensive than Menabrea's paper, were then published in The Ladies Diary and Taylor's Scientific Memoirs (under the initialism A.A.L.). ...more on Wikipedia about "Ada Byron's notes on the analytical engine"
An analog(ue) computer is a form of computer that uses electronic or mechanical phenomena to model the problem being solved by using one kind of physical quantity to represent another. The central concept among all analog computers can be better understood by examining the definition of an analogy. The similarities of an analogy define the salient characteristics of the comparison. But the differences in an analogy are important too. Modeling a real physical system in an analog computer is called simulation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Analog computer"
The analytical engine, an important step in the history of computers, is the design of a mechanical modern general-purpose computer by the British professor of mathematics Charles Babbage. It was first described in 1837, but Babbage continued to work on the design until his death in 1871. Because of financial, political, and legal issues, the engine was never actually built. General-purpose computers that were logically comparable to the analytical engine did not come into existence until about 100 years later. ...more on Wikipedia about "Analytical engine"
The Aspen Movie Map was a revolutionary hypermedia system developed at MIT by a team working with Andrew Lippman in 1978 with funding from ARPA. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aspen Movie Map"
The Atanasoff-Berry Computer was the first electronic digital computer ** ** and was a major step in the history of computing . It was built by Dr. John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford E. Berry at Iowa State University during 1937-42. The Atanasoff-Berry Computer represented several innovations in computing, including a binary system of arithmetic, parallel processing, regenerative memory, and a separation of memory and computing functions. It is sometimes referred to by its initials, ABC. John Vincent Atanasoff was awarded the National Medal of Technology by President George H. W. Bush in a Ceremony at the White House on November 13, 1990. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atanasoff Berry Computer"
Bletchley Park (BP) is a site located in the town of Bletchley, in Milton Keynes, England. During World War II, Bletchley Park was the location of the United Kingdom's codebreaking establishment. Codes and ciphers of several countries were deciphered, most famously the German Enigma. The high-level intelligence produced by Bletchley Park was codenamed Ultra. While the exact influence of Ultra on World War II is debated, it is frequently credited with hastening the defeat of Germany by two years. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bletchley Park"
CODASYL (often spelt Codasyl) is an acronym for "COnference on DAta SYstems Languages". This was a IT industry consortium formed in 1959 to guide the development of a standard programming language that could be used on many computers. This effort led to the development of COBOL. ...more on Wikipedia about "CODASYL"
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In physics, a coincidence circuit is an electronic device with one output and two (or more) inputs. The output is activated only when signals are received at the same time at both (or all) inputs. A coincidence circuit was produced in 1924 by Walther Bothe to detect cosmic ray events, and other atomic and sub-atomic particles. The technique later influenced several fields of technology, including the design of RADAR circuits in the 1940s. ...more on Wikipedia about "Coincidence circuit"
The Computer Conservation Society (CCS) is a Specialist Group of the British Computer Society (BCS). It is aso supported by the Science Museum in London and many of the society's meetings are held there. The CCS is interested in the history of computing in general and the conservation and preservation of early historical computers in particular. ...more on Wikipedia about "Computer Conservation Society"
A desktop computer is an independent personal computer that is made especially for use on a desk in an office or home. The term is used mainly to distinguish this type of personal computer from portable computers and laptops, but also to distinguish other types of computers like the PDA, server or mainframe. ...more on Wikipedia about "Desktop computer"
A difference engine is a historical, mechanical special-purpose computer designed to tabulate polynomial functions. Since logarithmic and trigonometric functions can be approximated by polynomials, such a machine is more general than it appears at first. ...more on Wikipedia about "Difference engine"
The Gavilan SC was an early laptop computer, and was the first ever to be marketed as a "laptop." ...more on Wikipedia about "Gavilan SC"
The GRiD Compass was arguably the first laptop computer, introduced in 1982. ...more on Wikipedia about "GRiD Compass"
Although the history of computer and video games spans almost five decades, computer and video games themselves did not become part of the popular culture until the late 1970s. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of computer and video games"
The history of computing hardware in former communist countries is somewhat different from that of Western countries. Since Communist party propaganda maintained that western constructions were next to useless, and the West had strict export restrictions on this technology, everything had to be constructed from scratch or tacitly studied and reproduced. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of computer hardware in communist countries"
The history of computer science began long before the modern discipline of computer science that emerged in the 20th century. The progression, from mechanical inventions and mathematical theories towards the modern concepts and machines, formed a major academic field and the basis of a massive world-wide industry. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of computer science"
The history of computing is longer than the history of computing hardware and modern computing technology and includes the history of methods intended for pen and paper or for chalk and slate, with or without the aid of tables. The timeline of computing presents a summary list of major developments in computing by date. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of computing"
Computing hardware has been an essential component of the process of calculation and data storage since it became useful for numerical values to be processed and shared. The earliest computing hardware was probably some form of tally stick; later recording devices include the Phoenician clay shapes which represented counts of items, probably livestock or grains, in containers. These seem to have been used by the merchants, accountants, and government officials of the time. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of computing hardware"
The history of computing hardware (continued from history of computing hardware) picks up with the development of the integrated circuit. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of computing hardware (1960s-present)"
The introduction of computer technology into accounting systems changed the way data was stored, retrieved and controlled. It is believed that the first use of a computerized accounting system was at General Electric in 1954. During the time period of 1954 to the mid-1960s, the auditing profession was still auditing around the computer. At this time only mainframes were used and few people had the skills and abilities to program computers. This began to change in the mid-1960s with the introduction of new, smaller and less expensive machines. This increased the use of computers in businesses and with it came the need for auditors to become familiar with EDP concepts in business. Along with the increase in computer use, came the rise of different types of accounting systems. The industry soon realized that they needed to develop their own software and the first of the generalized audit software (GAS) was developed. In 1968, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) had the Big Eight (now the Big Four) accounting firms participate in the development of EDP auditing. The result of this was the release of Auditing & EDP. The book included how to document EDP audits and examples of how to process internal control reviews. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of information technology auditing"
Microsoft asserted in court that IE was integrated with Windows 98, and that Windows 98 could not be made to operate without it. Australian computer scientist Shane Brooks later demonstrated that Windows 98 could in fact run with IE files removed . Brooks went on to develop software designed to customize Windows by removing "undesired components", which now known as LitePC . Microsoft has claimed that the software did not remove all components of Internet Explorer, leaving many dynamic link library files behind. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of Internet Explorer"
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Mozilla Application Suite began as an open source base of the Netscape suite. Going through years of hard working (with the help of the community contributors), Mozilla 1.0 was eventually released on June 5 2002. While the suite is no longer developed, its backend code base, most notably the Gecko layout engine, has become the foundation of a number of applications based on Mozilla, including the Mozilla Foundation's flagship product Mozilla Firefox and Mozilla Thunderbird. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of Mozilla Application Suite"
The Mozilla Firefox project was created by Dave Hyatt and Blake Ross as an experimental branch of the Mozilla project. Firefox 1.0 was released on November 9 2004. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of Mozilla Firefox"
Originally launched as Minotaur shortly after Phoenix (the original name for Mozilla Firefox), the project failed to gain momentum. With the success of the latter, however, demand increased for a mail client to go with it, and the work on Minotaur was revived under the new name of Thunderbird, and migrated to the new toolkit developed by the Firefox team. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of Mozilla Thunderbird"
The history of computer operating systems recapitulates to a degree, the recent history of computing. Operating systems provide a set of functions needed and used by most applications, and provide the necessary linkages to control a computer's hardware. Without an operating system, each program would have to have drivers for your video card, sound card, hard drive, and other peripherals. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of operating systems"
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