History of logic History of logic Ampheck, from Greek 'double-edged', is a term coined by Charles Sanders Peirce for either one of the pair of logically dual operators, variously referred to as Peirce arrows, Sheffer strokes, or NAND and NNOR. Either of these logical operators is a sole sufficient operator for deriving or generating all of the other operators in what is variously called the subject matter of boolean functions, propositional calculus, sentential calculus, or zeroth order logic. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ampheck"
Boolean logic is a system of syllogistic logic invented by 19th-century British mathematician George Boole, which attempts to incorporate the "empty set", that is, a class of non-existent entities, such as round squares, without resorting to uncertain truth values. ...more on Wikipedia about "Boole's syllogistic"
An entitative graph is an element of the graphical syntax for logic that Charles Sanders Peirce developed under the name of qualitative logic in the 1880's, taking the coverage of the formalism only as far as the propositional or sentential aspects of logic are concerned. ...more on Wikipedia about "Entitative graph"
The history of logic documents the development of logic as it occurs in various rival cultures and traditions in history. While many cultures have employed intricate systems of reasoning, logic as an explicit analysis of the methods of reasoning received sustained development originally only in three traditions: China, India and Greece. Although exact dates are uncertain, especially in the case of India, it is possible that logic emerged in all three societies in the 4th century BC. The formally sophisticated treatment of modern logic descends from the Greek tradition, but comes not wholly through Europe, but instead comes from the transmission of Aristotelian logic and commentary upon it by Islamic philosophers to Medieval European logicians. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of logic"
In the 13th century, Gangesha Upadhyaya founded the Navya-Nyaya, roughly rendered as the new school of logic, which was to become the focus for a renewed vigour in the investigation of logic and philosophical analysis . ...more on Wikipedia about "Indian logic"
In the history of logic, logic in China plays a particularly interesting role due to its length and relative isolation from the strong current of development of the study of logic in Europe and the Islamic world. ...more on Wikipedia about "Logic in China"
(Logic in Islamic philosophy) * Averroes (Ibn Rushd) ...more on Wikipedia about "Logic in Islamic philosophy"
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Logic of relatives, short for logic of relative terms, is a term used to cover the study of relations in their logical, philosphical, or semiotic aspects, as distinguised from, though closely coordinated with, their more properly formal, mathematical, or objective aspects. ...more on Wikipedia about "Logic of relatives"
The Lwów-Warsaw School of Logic was headed by Kazimierz Twardowski, who had been a student of Franz Brentano and is regarded as the "father of Polish logic." ...more on Wikipedia about "Lwów-Warsaw School of Logic"
Founded by Mozi, Mohism (墨家), or Moism, is a Chinese philosophy that evolved at the same time as Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism ( Hundred Schools of Thought). It disappeared during the Qin dynasty. Mo Di's philosophy was described in the book Mozi, compiled by his students from lecture notes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mohism"
The Novum Organum is a philosophical work by Francis Bacon published in 1620. The title translates as "new organ" or "instrument". This is a reference to Aristotle's work Organon which was his treatise on logic and syllogism. In Novum Organum, Bacon details a new system of logic he believes to be superior to the old ways of syllogism. For Bacon, finding the essence of a thing was a simple process of reduction. One must list all the things which cause the object in question, and then dismiss each one as the primary cause until only one was left. ...more on Wikipedia about "Novum Organum"
The Organon is the name given by Aristotle's followers, the Peripatetics, for the standard collection of six of his works on logic. The system of logic described in two of these works, namely On Interpretation and the Prior Analytics, often called Aristotelian logic, is discussed in the article on term logic. ...more on Wikipedia about "Organon"
Port-Royal Logic, or Logique Port-Royal, is the common name of La logique, ou l'art de penser, an important textbook on logic first published anonymously in 1662 by Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole, two pupils of the Jansenist Port-Royal school. ...more on Wikipedia about "Port-Royal Logic"
Principles of Theoretical Logic is the title of the 1950 American translation of the 1938 second edition of David Hilbert's and Wilhelm Ackermann's classic text Grundzüge der theoretischen Logik, on elementary mathematical logic. The 1928 first edition thereof is considered the first elementary text clearly grounded in the formalism now known as first order logic (FOL). Hilbert and Ackermann also formalized FOL in a way that subsequently achieved canonical status. FOL is now the core formalism of all mathematical logic, and is presupposed by contemporary treatments of Peano arithmetic and nearly all treatments of axiomatic set theory. ...more on Wikipedia about "Principles of Theoretical Logic"
Prior Analytics is Aristotle's work on deductive reasoning, part of his Organon, the "organ" of logical and scientific methods. ...more on Wikipedia about "Prior Analytics"
A relative term, also called a rhema or a rheme, is a logical term that requires reference to any number of other objects, called the correlates of the term, in order to denote a definite object, called the relate (pronounced with the accent on the first syllable) of the relative term in question. A relative term is typically expressed in ordinary language by means of a phrase with explicit or implicit blanks, for example, lover of __, or giver of __ to __. ...more on Wikipedia about "Relative term"
Traditional logic, also known as term logic, is a loose term for the logical tradition that originated with Aristotle and survived broadly unchanged until the advent of modern predicate logic in the late nineteenth century. ...more on Wikipedia about "Term logic"
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