Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons An alkane in organic chemistry is a saturated hydrocarbon without cycles, that is, an acyclic hydrocarbon in which the molecule has the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms and so has no double bonds. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alkane"
An alkene in organic chemistry is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon to carbon double bond. The simplest alkenes, with only one double bond, form a homologous series, the alkenes with general formula CnH2n. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alkene"
Alkynes are hydrocarbons that have at least one triple bond between two carbon atoms. The alkynes are traditionally known as acetylenes, although the name acetylene is also used to refer specifically to the simplest member of the series, known officially as ethyne. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alkyne"
An aromatic hydrocarbon (abbreviated as AH), or arene is a hydrocarbon, the molecular structure of which incorporates one or more planar sets of six carbon atoms that are connected by delocalised electrons numbering the same as if they consisted of alternating single and double covalent bonds. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aromatic hydrocarbon"
Azulene is an organic compound whose molecules contain 10 carbons and 8 hydrogens and consist of a five-membered ring fused to a seven-membered ring. It is a monoterpene. It is an isomer of naphthalene but its physical properties are quite different. Naphthalene is a white crystaline solid whereas azulene, whose name is derived from the Spanish word azul, meaning "blue", is a dark blue crystaline solid used in many cosmetics. Azulene has a long history dating back to the 15th century as the azure-blue distillate obtained by steam distillation of Chamomile. The compound was discovered and named in 1863 by Septimus Piesse in azure-blue distillates from other sources such as yarrow and wormwood. Lavoslav Ružička solved the structure for this compound and the first organic synthesis followed in 1937 by Placidus Plattner. ...more on Wikipedia about "Azulene"
Cadinene is the trivial chemical name of a number of isomeric hydrocarbons that occur in a wide variety of essential oil-producing plants. The name is derived from that of the Cade juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus L.), the wood of which yields an oil from which cadinene isomers were first isolated. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cadinene"
Camphene is bicyclic monoterpene. It is nearly insoluble in water, but well soluble in common organic solvents. It volatilizes readily at room temperature and has a pungent smell. It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, and valerian. It is produced industrially by catalytic isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene. Camphene is used in the preparation of fragrances and as a food additive for flavoring. Its mid-19th century use as a fuel for lamps was limited by its explosiveness. ...more on Wikipedia about "Camphene"
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Carbon rings are rings of carbon atoms. Rings of five and six carbons are by far the most common, as they allow bond angles close to the ideal angle of 109.5 degrees. Rings of three and four are possible, but with bond angles of 60 and 90 degrees, they have a high amount of ring strain and are unstable. Ring strain decreases with an increasing number of carbon atoms until cyclohexane, which is a six-membered ring. After cyclohexane, ring strain increases again until cyclotetradecane, with 14 carbon atoms. Ring strain starts to increase again, but slowly. Very large rings have little ring strain, as they are almost linear. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carbon ring"
Carene, or delta-3-carene, is a bicyclic diterpene which occurs naturally as a constituent of turpentine, with a content as high as 42% depending on the source. Carene has a sweet and pungent odor. It is not soluble in water, but miscible with fats and oils. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carene"
Caryophyllene, or (−)-β-caryophyllene, is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of some essential oils, especially clove oil and the oil from the stems and flowers of Syzygium aromaticum. It is usually found as a mixture with isocaryophyllene (the cis double bond isomer) and α-humulene (obsolete name: α-caryophyllene), a ring-opened isomer. Caryophyllene is notable for having a cyclobutane ring, a rarity in nature. ...more on Wikipedia about "Caryophyllene"
Cembrene, or sometimes neocembrene, is a natural monocyclic diterpene. It is a colorless oil with a faint wax-like odor. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cembrene"
Copaene, or more precisely, α-copaene, is the common (or trivial) chemical name of an oily liquid hydrocarbon that is found in a number of essential oil-producing plants. The name is derived from that of the resin-producing tropical copaiba tree, Copaifera langsdorfii, from which the compound was first isolated in 1914. Its structure, including the chirality, was determined in 1963. The double-bond isomer with an exo-methylene group, β-copaene, was first reported in 1967. ...more on Wikipedia about "Copaene"
Cubane (C8H8) is a synthetic hydrocarbon molecule that consists of eight carbon atoms arranged at the corners of a cube, with one hydrogen atom attached to each carbon molecule. Cubane is a solid crystalline substance. The cubane molecule was first synthesized in 1964 by Dr. Philip Eaton, a professor of chemistry at the University of Chicago. Before its synthesis, researchers believed that cubic carbon-based molecules could only exist in theory. It was believed that cubane would be impossible to synthesize because the unusually sharp 90-degree bonding angle of the carbon atoms would be too highly strained and hence unstable. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cubane"
A cycloalkene or cycloolefin is a type of alkene hydrocarbon which contains a closed ring of carbon atoms. Some cycloalkenes, such as cyclobutene and cyclopentene, can be used as monomers to produce polymer chains. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cycloalkene"
A cyclophane is a hydrocarbon consisting an aromatic unit (typically a benzene ring) and an aliphatic chain that forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of the aromatic ring. More complex derivatives with multiple aromatic units and bridges forming cagelike structures are also known. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cyclophane"
Dendralenes are discrete acyclic cross-conjugated polyenes. The simplest dendralene is butadiene (1) or [2]dendralene followed by [3]dendralene (2), [4]dendralene (3) and [5]dendralene (4) and so forth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dendralenes"
Diacetylene or butadiyne, C4H2, is a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Diacetylene"
Dicyclopentadiene, C10H12, is a hydrocarbon found in oil deposits. It is a clear and colorless liquid at room temperature. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dicyclopentadiene"
Dienes are hydrocarbons which contain two double bonds. Dienes are intermediate between alkenes and polyenes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Diene"
Dodecahedrane is a chemical compound that (with a methyl substituent) was first synthesised by Leo Paquette in 1982 primarily for the "aesthetically pleasing symmetry of the dodecahedral framework". In this molecule each vertex is a carbon atom that bonds to three neighbouring carbon atoms. Each carbon atom is bonded to a hydrogen atom as well. Dodecahedrane is one of the platonic hydrocarbons. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dodecahedrane"
Elaterite, also known as elastic bitumen or mineral caoutchouc, is a brown hydrocarbon varying somewhat in consistency, being sometimes soft, elastic and sticky, like India rubber, and occasionally hard and brittle. It occurs at Castleton in Derbyshire, in the lead mines of Odin and elsewhere. It is usually dark brown in color and slightly translucent. A substance of similar physical character is found in the Coorong district of South Australia, and is hence termed coorongite. ...more on Wikipedia about "Elaterite" Don't hesitate to contact stuff on shortopedia shortopedia
Ethylbenzene is an organic chemical compound which is an aromatic hydrocarbon. Its major use is in the petrochemical industry as an intermediate compound for the production of styrene, which in turn is used for making polystyrene, a commonly used plastic material. Although often present in small amounts in crude oil, ethylbenzene is produced in bulk quantities by combining the petrochemicals benzene and ethylene in an acidically-catalyzed chemical reaction. Catalytic dehydrogenation of the ethylbenzene then gives hydrogen gas and styrene, which is vinylbenzene. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ethylbenzene"
Eupione, or eupion, is a hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, probably a pentane, C5H12, discovered by Carl Reichenbach in wood tar. It is also formed in the destructive distillation of many substances, as wood, coal, caoutchouc, bones, resin and the fixed oils. It is a colorless, highly volatile and inflammable liquid, having at 20° C a specific gravity of 0.65. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eupione"
The term farnesene refers to a set of closely related chemical compounds which are sesquiterpenes. α-Farnesene and β-farnesene differ by the location of one double bond. α-Farnesene is 3,7,11-trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene and β-farnesene is 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene. The alpha form can exist as four stereoisomers that differ about the geometry of its two internal double bonds. The beta form can exist as two stereoisomers about the geometry of its central double bond. ...more on Wikipedia about "Farnesene"
Fichtelite is a rare white mineral found in fossilized wood from Bavaria. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system. It is a cyclic hydrocarbon dimethyl-isopropyl-perhydropenanthrene, C19H34. It is very soft with a Mohs hardness of 1, the same as talc. Its specific gravity is very low at 1.032, just slightly more dense than water. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fichtelite" www.shortopedia.com rocks.
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