Indo-European linguistics Indo-European linguistics In the Indo-European languages, thematic roots are those roots that have a "theme vowel"; a vowel sound that is always present between the root of the word and the attached inflections. Athematic roots lack a theme vowel, and attach their inflections directly to the root itself. ...more on Wikipedia about "Athematic"
In linguistics, the augment is a syllable added to the beginning of the word in certain Indo-European languages, most notably Greek (the augment survives and has been generalised in Modern Greek), Armenian, and the Indo-Iranian languages such as Sanskrit, to form the perfect, preterite, or aorist tenses. ...more on Wikipedia about "Augment (linguistics)"
Bartholomae's law is an early Indo-European ( Proto-Indo-Iranian) sound law ...more on Wikipedia about "Bartholomae's law"
Brugmann's law, named for Karl Brugmann, states that PIE changed into Proto-Indo-Iranian *a in closed syllables, but into *ā in open syllables. ...more on Wikipedia about "Brugmann's law"
The copulative a (also a copulativum, a athroistikon) is the prefix a- expressing unity in Ancient Greek, e.g. in a-delphos "brother", from *sm̥-gu̯elbhos literally "from the same womb" (c.f. Delphi). it goes back to a PIE *sm̥-, cognate to English same (see also Symbel). The disappearance of the s- is a specifically Greek sound law, and the cognate forms in other languages typically still preserve it, e.g. Sanskrit saṃ-, present e.g. in the term for the language itself, viz. saṃ-s-kṛtā "put together". ...more on Wikipedia about "Copulative a"
This planned new article will describe the verb in Gothic parallel to the article West Germanic strong verb. It is subsidiary to the article Germanic verb. ...more on Wikipedia about "East Germanic strong verb"
According to the glottalic theory, Indo-European had ejective plosives instead of voiced ones. ...more on Wikipedia about "Glottalic theory"
In historical linguistics, the German term Grammatischer Wechsel ("grammatical alternation") refers to the effects of Verner's law when viewed synchronically within the paradigm of a Germanic verb. ...more on Wikipedia about "Grammatischer Wechsel"
Grassmann's law, named after its discoverer Hermann Grassmann, is a rule of phonology in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit which states that if an aspirated consonant is followed by an aspirated consonant in the next syllable, the first one loses the aspiration. The synchronic version was described for Sanskrit by Panini. ...more on Wikipedia about "Grassmann's law"
In historical linguistics, the High German consonant shift or Second Germanic consonant shift (German: hochdeutsche or zweite germanische Lautverschiebung) was a phonological development ( sound change) which took place in the southern dialects of German in several phases, probably beginning between the 3rd and 5th centuries AD, and was almost complete before the earliest written records in the German language were made in the 9th century. The resulting language was Old High German, which can neatly be contrasted with the Northern German Old Saxon, which mostly did not experience the shift, and with Old English, which was completely unaffected. ...more on Wikipedia about "High German consonant shift"
: For non-Indo-European languages, see Apophony. ...more on Wikipedia about "Indo-European ablaut"
In the earliest Celtic languages there was a distinction between the so-called substantive verb, used when the predicate was an adjective phrase or prepositional phrase, and the so-called copula, used when the predicate was a noun. This contrast is maintained today in the Goidelic languages but has been lost in the Brythonic languages. ...more on Wikipedia about "Indo-European copula"
Notable among these are Grimm's law in Proto-Germanic, loss of prevocalic *p- in Proto-Celtic, loss of prevocalic *s- in Proto-Greek, Brugmann's law in Proto-Indo-Iranian. Grassmann's law and Bartholomae's law may or may not have been still common Indo-European. ...more on Wikipedia about "Indo-European sound laws"
The Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch ("The Indo-European Etymological Dictionary") by the Czech scholar and Irish nationalist Julius Pokorny, was published in 1959. The work is now slightly outdated, especially as it was conservative even at the time Pokorny wrote it, ignoring the laryngeal theory, and hardly including any Tocharian or Anatolian material. But there exists no more modern and updated etymological dictionary of the Indo-European languages, so it is still of interest to scholars. ...more on Wikipedia about "Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch" Whatever You're Into, Get Into http://www.shortopedia.com.
Kent- is a hypothetical Indo-European root word. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kent-"
Kentho- is a hypothetical Indo-European root word. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kentho-"
(Ker-1) Ker- is a hypothetical Indo-European root word. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ker-1"
(Ker-2) Ker- is a hypothetical Indo-European root word. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ker-2"
(Ker-3) Ker- is a hypothetical Indo-European root word. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ker-3"
(Ker-4) Ker- is a hypothetical Indo-European root word. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ker-4"
(Ker-5) Ker- is a hypothetical Indo-European root word. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ker-5" Come again to http://www.shortopedia.com
(Kerd-1) Kerd- is a hypothetical Indo-European root word. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kerd-1"
(Kerd-2) Kerd- is a hypothetical Indo-European root word. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kerd-2"
Kerdh- is a hypothetical Indo-European root word. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kerdh-"
The so-called rule of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) has been observed by earlier scholars, but has only recently attracted enough attention to be named, probably first by Helmut Rix in 1985. It is a sound law of PIE accent, stating that in a word of three syllables é-o-X the accent will be moved to the penultimate, e-ó-X. Examples include ...more on Wikipedia about "Kʷetwóres rule"
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