Information science

In natural science and signal processing, an artifact is any perceived distortion or other data error caused by the instrument of observation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Artifact (observational)"

Stanford Research Institute's Augmentation Research Center (ARC) was founded by electrical engineer Douglas Engelbart to develop and experiment with new tools and techniques for collaboration and information processing. The main product to come out of ARC was the revolutionary oN-Line System, better known by its odd abbreviation, NLS. ARS is also known for the invention of the "mouse" pointing device. ...more on Wikipedia about "Augmentation Research Center"

BioCreative (A critical assessment of text mining methods in molecular biology) consists in a community-wide effort for evaluating information extraction and text mining developments in the biological domain. ...more on Wikipedia about "BioCreative"

BOBCATSSS is an annual symposium organised by students at a number of universities in Europe. Every year two universities organise the symposium. The universities have in common that they educate in the field of Library and Information Education and Research under the umbrella of EUCLID (European Association for Library and Information Education and Research). Target groups of the BOBCATSSS-Symposiums are information specialists, students, professors in the field of Library and Information Education and Research and employees of libraries and information departments. ...more on Wikipedia about "BOBCATSSS"

In textual criticism and bibliography, collation is the reading of two (or more) texts side-by-side in order to note their differences. ...more on Wikipedia about "Collation"

A descriptor is an index term used to identify a record in a database. It can consist of a word, phrase, or alphanumerical term. It can describe the content of the record or be an arbitrary code. When a descriptor is descriptive, it can be an effective search parameter. ...more on Wikipedia about "Descriptor"

DIKW is data, information, knowledge, wisdom: an information hierarchy where each layer adds certain attributes over and above the previous one. Data is the most basic level; Information adds context; Knowledge adds how to use it; and Wisdom adds when to use it. As such, DIKW is a model that is useful to understanding analysis and the importance and limits of conceptual works. DIKW is used primarily in the fields of Information Science and Knowledge Management. ...more on Wikipedia about "DIKW"

Document classification is a problem in information science. The task is to assign a document to one or more categories, based on its contents. Document classification tasks can be divided into two sorts: supervised document classification where some external mechanism (such as human feedback) provides information on the correct classification for documents, and unsupervised document classification, where the classification must be done entirely without reference to external information. ...more on Wikipedia about "Document classification"

Document retrieval is defined as the matching of some stated user query against useful parts of free-text records. These records could be any type of mainly unstructured text, such as bibliographic records, newspaper articles, or paragraphs in a manual. User queries could range from multi-sentence full descriptions of an information need to a few words and the vast majority of retrieval systems currently in use range from simple Boolean systems through to systems using statistical or natural language processing techniques. ...more on Wikipedia about "Document retrieval"

Ergodic literature is literature that requires special effort to comprehend or read, perhaps due to a " non linear" structure. The term is derived from the Greek words ergon, meaning "work" and hodos, meaning "path". Ergodic literature demands an active role of the reader, such that they become "users" who may need to perform complex semiotic operations to construct the reading. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ergodic literature"

(In the automation and engineering environments, the hardware engineer or architect encompasses the electronic engineering and electrical engineering fields, with subspecialities in analog, digital, or electromechanical systems.) ...more on Wikipedia about "Hardware architect"

Hardware is an expression used within the engineering disciplines to explicitly distinguish the ( electronic computer) hardware from the software which runs in it. But hardware, within the automation and software engineering disciplines, need not simply be a computer of some sort. A modern automobile runs vastly more software than the Apollo spacecraft; yet neither is seen as a computer. Similarly, a modern aircraft cannot function without running tens of millions of lines of software code, yet it too is not seen as merely a computer. Hardware may also represent the physical elements of an analog or hybrid computer. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hardware architecture"

Hodges' Health Career Model is a tool to help an individual or group develop ideas connected with a problem or issue ** . ...more on Wikipedia about "Hodges Health Career Model"

Hydroinformatics is a branch of Informatics which concentrates on the appliction of information and communications technologies ( ICTs) in addressing the increasingly serious problems of the equitable and efficient use of water for many different purposes. Growing out of the earlier discipline of computational hydraulics, the numerical simulation of water flows and related processes remains a mainstay of hydroinformatics, which encourages a focus not only on the technology but on its application in a social context. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hydroinformatics"

Informatics or information science is the study of information. It is often, though not exclusively, studied as a branch of computer science and information technology and is related to database, ontology and software engineering. ...more on Wikipedia about "Informatics"

Thomas Jefferson said that "Information is the currency of democracy." Information access is an area of informatics which concerns ensuring free and open access to information. Information access covers many issues such as copyright, open source, privacy, and security. ...more on Wikipedia about "Information access"

The Informedia Digital Library is an ongoing research programme at Carnegie Mellon University to build search engine and information visualisation technology for documents many types of media. ...more on Wikipedia about "Informedia Digital Library"

Interactivity is still under continuous debates over its meaning. There are several conceptual views of interactivity, one of the most acceptable have being the contingency view that examine interactivity as process related variable. According to this view, ...more on Wikipedia about "Interactivity"

Legal informatics is an area within information science. One of the best definitions of legal informatics comes from Erdelez and O’Hare (1997): ...more on Wikipedia about "Legal informatics"

Note: The point of an "encyclopedic" article, here, is both to develop a definition which will clarify what is going on -- in wikis, and international science publication and collaboration, and Globalization business, and transnational NGO etc. resistance to (or promotion of) same, and the rest, with examples and links -- and to develop an overall understanding of the new "collaborative" content-creation processes now emerging online... all of them... changing that understanding as the tools and applications change... Not just a definition, or a list of tools and applications, but an article attempting to generalize from that and describe this new and very promising sort of resource, one increasingly provided by the Nets. ...more on Wikipedia about "Massively distributed collaboration"

Media ecology is an interdisciplinary field of media theory involving the study of media environments. According to the Media Ecology Association ** , media ecology can be defined as "the study of media environments, the idea that technology and techniques, modes of information and codes of communication play a leading role in human affairs." ...more on Wikipedia about "Media ecology"

In Information Science, an ontology is the product of an attempt to formulate an exhaustive and rigorous conceptual schema about a domain. This domain does not have to be the complete knowledge of that topic, but purely a domain of interest decided upon by the creator of the ontology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ontology (computer science)"

The Belgian Paul Otlet ( August 23, 1868 - December 10, 1944) was the founding father of documentation, or what is now called information science. He created the Universal Decimal Classification and was responsible for the widespread adoption in Europe of the standard American 3x5 index card used until recently in most library catlogs around the world, through now nearly everywhere displaced by the advent of online opublic access catalogs (OPACS). Otlet wrote numerous essays on how to collect and organize the world’s knowledge, culminating in two books, the Traité de documentation ( 1934) and Monde: Essai d'universalisme ( 1935). He and his friend and colleague Henri La Fontaine founded the Institut International de Bibliographie in 1985 which later became in English the International Federation for Documentation and Information ( FID) headquartered after 1934 in the Hague (It went bankrupt in 1990). In 1910 following a huge international conference, they created the Union of International Associations, which is still located in Brusssels. They also created a great international center called at first Palais Mondial (World Palace), later, the Mundaneum to house the collections and activities of their various organizations and institutes. Otlet was also a tireless idealist and peace activist, pushing internationalist political ideas that were embodied in the League of Nations and its International Institute for Intellectual Cooperation (forerunner of UNESCO), working alongside his colleague Henri La Fontaine, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1913, to achieve their ideas of a new world polity that they saw arising from the global diffusion of information and the creation of new kinds of international organization. ...more on Wikipedia about "Paul Otlet"

# The composite of the design architectures for products and their life cycle processes. From IEEE 1220-1998 as found at their glossary . ...more on Wikipedia about "Principles of system architecture"

The Sensor Web is a new class of geographic information system (GIS) developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory consisting of a sensor network for environmental monitoring and control. Each sensor platform in the Sensor Web is called a pod in addition to the more familiar phrase node which can be orbital or terrestrial, fixed or mobile with real time accessibility via the internet. Information flow is omni-directional and bi-directional where each pod sends out collected data to every other pod in the network. Unlike most other networks that are based on TCP/IP, the Sensor Web is both synchronous and routerless in its operation. This synchronous, internal communication among the pods allows the Sensor Web as a whole to autonomously react and adapt to a dynamic environment. ...more on Wikipedia about "Sensor Web"

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