International relations International relations Aid is assistance, often financial, provided to developing countries by developed countries. A variety of terms are used, including foreign aid (especially in the US), international aid and overseas aid. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aid"
Alexander Wendt is one of the core social constructivist scholars in the field of international relations. He was born in 1958, and received his Ph.D. in political science from the University of Minnesota in 1989, studying under Raymond "Bud" Duvall. Wendt and scholars such as Peter J. Katzenstein, Michael Barnett, Kathryn Sikkink, John Ruggie, Martha Finnemore, Nicholas Onuf, and others have, within a relatively short period of time, established constructivism as one of the major schools of thought in the field. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alexander Wendt"
American Empire or American imperialism are politically charged terms sometimes used to describe the historical expansionism and the current political, economic, and cultural influence of the United States on a global scale. These terms are generally, though by no means always, used with a negative connotation. The debate over the concept of an American Empire usually involves three basic questions: ...more on Wikipedia about "American Empire (term)"
The term Anglosphere describes a certain group of Anglophone ( English-speaking) states which share historical, political, and ethnocultural characteristics rooted in or attributed to the historical experience of the English people. The term is often used more broadly to describe the English Sprachraum. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anglosphere"
Anti-globalization is a term most commonly used to describe the political stance of people and groups who oppose globalization, most often current global trade agreements and trade-governing bodies such as the World Trade Organization. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anti-globalization"
Anti-Kremlin is a nice way of naming the hostile stand that some nations in, not only Eastern Europe, but also in the rest of the world, has taken against the Russian Federation and its leaders. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anti-Kremlin"
Asian values was a concept that came into vogue in the 1990s, predicated on the belief in the existence in Asian countries of a unique set of institutions and political ideologies which reflected the region's culture and history. ...more on Wikipedia about "Asian values"
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Atlanticism is a philosophy of cooperation among European and North American nations regarding political, economic, and defense issues. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atlanticism"
Australia Group is an informal group of countries established in 1985 (after the use of chemical weapons by Iraq in 1984) to help reduce the spread of chemical and biological weapons by monitoring and controlling the spread of technologies required to produce them. The group, initially consisting of 15 countries, has increased to 39, including most of the major Western democracies, several eastern European nations, Argentina, Japan, South Korea, and Turkey. ...more on Wikipedia about "Australia Group"
Balance of power is a central concept in realist theories of international relations. Within a balance of power system, a state may choose to engage in either balancing or bandwagoning behavior. In a time of war, the decision to balance or to bandwagon may well determine the survival of the state. ...more on Wikipedia about "Balance of power"
The Balance of Threat theory was proposed by Stephen M. Walt in an article entitled “Alliance Formation and the Balance of Power” published in the journal International Security in 1985. Balance of threat theory expanded on the popular Balance of Power theory in the Realist school of International Relations. ...more on Wikipedia about "Balance of Threat"
In realist theories of international relations, balancing is a term for joining a weaker coalition to counter the influence or power of a stronger coalition. The term is derived from balance of power. Balancing is opposed to bandwagoning, which unlike balancing is a relatively new term. ...more on Wikipedia about "Balancing"
In realist theories of international relations, bandwagoning refers to the act of weaker states joining a stronger power or coalition within balance of power politics. The term is opposed to balancing, and unlike balancing, is a relatively new term. Bandwagoning was coined by Quincy Wright in A Study of War ( 1942) and popularized by Kenneth Waltz in Theory of International Politics ( 1979) (in his work, Waltz incorrectly attributes Stephen Van Evera with coining the term). ...more on Wikipedia about "Bandwagoning"
Bilateralism is a term referring to trade or political relations between two states. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bilateralism"
A multi-national state (most commonly a binational state or a trinational state) is a nation-state that has several distinct and (if the status of the state has come to issue at all) rival cultures within it that compete for control. It is usually an unstable situation, but can come to be stabilized for long periods if the balance of power is managed carefully. ...more on Wikipedia about "Binational state"
BRIC is a term used to refer to the combination of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The term is used in the thesis of the Goldman Sachs investment bank, though it also refers to a trade and cooperation agreement between these countries that was signed in 2002. ...more on Wikipedia about "BRIC"
Brinkmanship refers to the policy or practice, especially in international politics and foreign policy, of pushing a dangerous situation to the brink of disaster (to the limits of safety) in order to achieve the most advantageous outcome by forcing the opposition to make concessions. This might be achieved through diplomatic maneuvers by creating the impression that one is willing to use extreme methods rather than concede. During the Cold War, the threat of nuclear force was often used as such a deterrent. The fact that strikes do occur in real life is a sober reminder of the risks of nuclear brinkmanship. ...more on Wikipedia about "Brinkmanship"
The United Kingdom has arguably the world's most complex nationality laws, because of its former status as an imperial power. ...more on Wikipedia about "British nationality law"
This article concerns matters of British nationality law in relation to Hong Kong. ...more on Wikipedia about "British nationality law and Hong Kong"
A buffer state is a country lying between two rival or potentially hostile greater powers, which by its sheer existence is thought to prevent conflict between them. Buffer states when authentically independent typically pursue a neutralist foreign policy, which distinguishes them from satellite states. The conception of buffer states is part of the theory of balance of power that entered European strategic and diplomatic thinking in the 17th century. In the 19th century, the manipulation of buffer states like Afghanistan and the Central Asian emirates was an element in the diplomatic " Great Game" played out between Britain and Tsarist Russia for control of the approaches to strategic mountain passes that led to British India. ...more on Wikipedia about "Buffer state"
A buffer zone is any area that serves the purpose of keeping two or more other areas distant from one another, for whatever reason. Common types of buffer zones are demilitarized zones and certain restrictive easement zones and greenbelts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Buffer zone"
Canadian citizenship is obtained by birth in Canada (other than as a child of a foreign diplomat), by birth abroad, when at least one parent is a Canadian citizen, or can be granted to a permanent resident who lives in Canada for three out of four years before applying for citizenship and is able to speak English or French. Time spent as a temporary resident before permanent residence is granted counts as half. ...more on Wikipedia about "Canadian nationality law"
The Canadian titles debate has been ongoing since the adoption of the Nickle Resolution in 1919, which banned Canadians from being awarded titles from either a foreign ruler or their own monarch. In 1933, the then Prime Minister of Canada, R.B. Bennett declared the Nickle Resolution to be invalid, as it was never passed as an Act of the Canadian Parliament. In 1934 and 1935, a few knighthoods were conferred. In October 1935 when Mackenzie King came to power, he restored the Nickle Resolution. In 1942, Canadians were allowed to accept lower grades of British orders such as the Order of the British Empire, as these do not carry titles. ...more on Wikipedia about "Canadian Titles Debate"
The Canberra Commission on the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons was initiated by the Prime Minister of Australia the Honourable Paul Keating in 1996. The Commission was convened in the Australian Federal Capital City of Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory. The Commission consisted of a number of notable persons including Professor Joseph Rotblat who was the winner of the 1995 Nobel Prize for Peace, Michel Rocard who was the former Prime Minister of France, Robert McNamara who was the former United States Secretary of Defense and then President of the World Bank, General George Butler, the former Commander of the United States Strategic Air Command, Doctor Maj Britt Theorin who was the former President of the International Peace Bureau, Field Marshal the Lord Carver who was the former Chief of the British Defence Staff, Professor Robert O'Neill who is an eminent Australian strategic thinker and who was Chichele Professor of the History of War at Oxford University and Jacques-Yves Cousteau the world renowned swashbuckling oceanographer and seafaring environmentalist activist adventurer. The Canberra Commission was to deliberate on issues of nuclear proliferation and how to eliminate the world of nuclear weapons. Minimal results were achieved as a result of the commission, however there is now less nuclear weapons in the world than what there used to be. ...more on Wikipedia about "Canberra Commission on the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons"
The Center for International Political Analysis (CIPA) is a research center at the Policy Research Institute (PRI) at the University of Kansas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Center for International Political Analysis"
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