Ions Ions In chemistry, electron affinity is the amount of energy absorbed when an electron is added to a neutral isolated gaseous atom to form a gaseous ion with a -1 charge. It has a negative value if energy is released. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electron affinity"
Heavy-ion refers to ion of atom which is usually heavier than carbon. The term is ...more on Wikipedia about "Heavy ion"
An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a net electric charge. A negatively charged ion, which has more electrons in its electron shell than it has protons in its nucleus, is known as an anion, for it is attracted to anodes, and a positively charged ion, which has fewer electrons than protons, is known as a cation (pronounced cat-eye-on), for it is attracted to cathodes. An ion with a single atom is a monatomic ion and an ion with more than one is a polyatomic ion. The process of converting into ions and the state of being ionized is called ionization. The recombining of ions and electrons to form neutral atoms is called recombination. Polyatomic anions which contain oxygen are sometimes known as oxyanion. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ion"
In chemistry, an ionic compound is a chemical compound in which ions are held together in a lattice structure by ionic bonds. To form an ionic compound, there needs to be at least one metal and one non-metal. The metal element is usually the positive charge and the non-metal element is a negative charge. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ionic compound"
An ionic liquid is a liquid that contains only ions. In the broad sense, this term includes all the molten salts, for instance, sodium chloride at temperatures higher than 800 °C. Today, however, the term "ionic liquid" is used for the salts whose melting point is relatively low (below 100°C). In particular, the salts that melt at room temperature are called room-temperature ionic liquids, or RTILs. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ionic liquid"
The ionization potential, or ionization energy, of an atom or molecule is the energy required to strip it of an electron. More generally, the nth ionization energy is the energy required to strip it of an nth electron after the first have already been removed. It is centrally significant in physical chemistry as a measure of the "reluctance" of an atom or of a molecule to surrender an electron, or the "strength" by which the electron is bound. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ionization potential"
The isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which a molecule carries no net electrical charge. ...more on Wikipedia about "Isoelectric point"
A magnetic ionic liquid was identified by Satoshi Hayashi and Hiro-o Hamaguchi of the University of Tokyo in 2004 as an ionic liquid based on the imidazole 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and ferric chloride. Due to the presence of high spin FeCl4−, the liquid is paramagnetic and a magnetic susceptibility of 40.6 × 10−6 emu g-1 is reported. A simple magnet suffices to attract the liquid in a test tube. ...more on Wikipedia about "Magnetic ionic liquid"
A monatomic ion is an ion consisting of a single atom. A type I binary ionic compound contains a metal ( cation) that forms only one type of ion. A type II ionic compound contains a metal that forms more than one type of ion, i.e., ions with different charges ...more on Wikipedia about "Monatomic ion"
A neutral atom contains an equal number of Z protons in the nucleus and Z electrons in the electron shell. The electrons' negative charges thus exactly cancel the protons' positive charges. In the simple view of the independent-electron model, a passing electron is therefore not attracted to a neutral atom and cannot bind to it. In reality, however, the atomic electrons form a cloud into which the additional electron penetrates, thus being exposed to a net positive charge part of the time. Furthermore, the additional charge displaces the original electrons and all of the Z + 1 electrons rearrange into a new configuration. ...more on Wikipedia about "Negative atomic ion"
Oxoanions are polyatomic anions which contain oxygen. Certain nonmetals, such as Chloride, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Sulfer, form oxoanions containing a varying number of oxygen atoms. They are named according to the oxidation state of the nonmetal to which the oxygen atoms are bonded, in this format: ...more on Wikipedia about "Oxoanions"
A polyatomic ion is an ion consisting of a molecule with covalently bonded atoms or of a metal complex that can be considered as acting as a single unit in the context of acid and base chemistry or in the formation of salts. Note, a polyatomic ion is also referred to in older works as a radical. In current usage the term radical refers to free radicals which are uncharged species with an unpaired electron. Some poly atomic ions can be used in decomposition reactions, providing spectacular results, such as H202 and iodine. ...more on Wikipedia about "Polyatomic ion"
A Quinonoid zwitterion is a special type of zwitterion based on quinone related chemical compounds. The benzene derivate 1,3-dihydroxy-4,6-diaminobenzene is easily oxidized by air in water or methanol to the quinonoid. This compound was first prepared in 1883 and the quinonoid structure first proposed in 1956. In fact in 2002 the compound was found to be more stable and to exist as the zwitterion after a proton transfer. Evidence for this structure is based on NMR and x-ray crystallography. The positive charge is delocalized between the amino groups over 4 bonds involving 6 pi electrons. The negative charge is spread likewise between the oxygen atoms. ...more on Wikipedia about "Quinonoid zwitterion"
Tunnel ionization is a process in which electrons in an atom (or a molecule) pass through the potential barrier and escape from the atom (or molecule). In an intense electric field, the potential barrier of an atom (molecule) is distorted drastically. Therefore, the length of the barrier that electrons have to pass decreases and electrons can escape from the atom (molecule) easily. ...more on Wikipedia about "Tunnel ionization"
A zwitterion (from German "Zwitter" — "hybrid," " hermaphrodite") is a compound with acidic and basic groups in the same molecule. At neutral pH most zwitterions are therefore negatively charged anions and positively charged cations at the same time. Zwitterions usually have a high solubility in water due to their charged groups and a poor solubility in most organic solvents. ...more on Wikipedia about "Zwitterion"
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