Kurds Kurds :Mitochondrial DNA sequences from Georgians and Kurds were analyzed in order to test the possible correlation between female lineages and languages in these two neighboring West Eurasian groups. Mitochondrial sequence pools in both populations are very similar despite their different linguistic and prehistoric backgrounds. Both populations present mtDNA lineages that clearly belong to the European gene pool, as shown by 1) similar nucleotide and sequence diversities; 2) a large number of sequences shared with the rest of European samples; 3) nonsignificant genetic distances; and 4) classification of the present lineages into the major European mtDNA haplogroups already described. The outlier position of the populations from the Caucasus according to classical genetic markers is not recognized in the present Georgian mtDNA sequence pool. This result suggests that the differentiation of mtDNA sequences in West Eurasia and the outlier features of Caucasian populations should be attributed to different processes. Moreover, the putative linguistic relationship between Caucasian groups and the Basques, another outlier population within Europe for classical genetic markers, is not detected by the analysis of mtDNA sequences. Am J Phys Anthropol 112:5-16, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. ...more on Wikipedia about "Genetic insights into the background of the Kurds"
Goran Kurds are a part of Kurdish people living in the border towns between western Iran and northern Iraq in the region known as Hawraman which is located in southern part of the Kurdistan geocultural region in Middle East. They speak in Hewrami (or Gorani) branch of Kurdish language. ...more on Wikipedia about "Goran Kurds"
Gorani, sometimes also called Hewrami, is a dialect of Kurdish. It is spoken by a small group of Kurds in the province of Kurdistan and province of Kermanshah in Iran, Halabja region in Iraqi Kurdistan and the Hewraman mountains between Iran and Iraq. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gorani (Kurds)"
Hakkari is a province in the corner of southeastern Turkey, located at the juncture of Iraq and Iran. Its adjacent provinces are Sirnak to the west and Van to the north. Its capital is Hakkâri. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hakkari Province"
Halabja ( Arabic: , Kurdish: Helepçe) is a town in Iraq, located about 150 miles northeast of Baghdad and 8-10 miles from the Iranian border. It was the site of the Halabja poison gas attack in 1988 during the Iran-Iraq War. ...more on Wikipedia about "Halabja"
The Halabja poison gas attack was an incident on 15 March- 19 March 1988 during a major battle in the Iran-Iraq war when chemical weapons were used, allegedly by Iraqi government forces, to kill a number of people in the Iraqi Kurdish town of Halabja (population 80,000). Estimates of casualties range from several hundred to at least 7,000 people. Halabja is located about 150 miles northeast of Baghdad and 8-10 miles from the Iranian border. ...more on Wikipedia about "Halabja poison gas attack"
Hejar or Abdurrahman Sharafkandi or Hazhar, ( 1920- 1990), was a renowned Kurdish writer, poet, linguist and translator. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hejar"
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Hewrami or Hawrami is an archaic branch of Kurdish language. Sometimes it is called Gorani Kurdish as well. It is mostly spoken in a region called Hewraman (or Hawraman) in western Iran ( Iranian Kurdistan) and north eastern Iraq ( Iraqi Kurdistan). The main cities in this region are Pawe in iranian kurdistan and Halabja in iraqi kurdistan. This dialect is sometimes called as Auramani. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hewrami"
The history of the Kurds stretches from ancient times to the present day. The Kurds are an ethnic group inhabiting in the mountaineous areas of the northern Middle East ( Zagros and Taurus mountain ranges), a geographical area collectively referred to as Kurdistan. This area covers northern Iraq, northwestern Iran, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey , southwestern Armenia and an enclave in Azerbaijan ( Kalbajar and Lachin, to the west of Nagorno Karabakh). They are also found in northeastern Iran in Khorasan. The Kurds speak the Kurdish language. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of the Kurds"
International Journal of Kurdish Studies,(ISSN 1073-6697), is a journal based in New York, which publishes research, analysis, and commentary on Kurdish history, culture, and contemporary affairs. It was initiated in 1986, under the title Kurdish Times (through Volume 4). The title was changed in 1992 in its 5th volume into Kurdish Studies: An International Journal, then again in 1993 into its current title (vol. 6 on). The International Journal of Kurdish Studies is considered by many Kurdologists and other researchers the premier scholarly journal specializing exclusively in Kurdish affairs. It is currently indexed by Index Islamicus ( Cambridge University, England) and P.A.I.S. New York: Public Affairs Information Service). ...more on Wikipedia about "International Journal of Kurdish Studies"
The Iran crisis was an international crisis concerning Iran in 1946. The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin continued to occupy Iran. After the Shah Reza Shah Pahlavi declared sympathies with Hitler, United Kingdom and the Soviet Union sent troops to Iran and the Shad fled the country. He was able to declare Mohammad Reza Pahlavi the next Shah, to the alarm of the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom. In 1946 parts of Iraq were occupied by British forces and the Red Army had occupied the northern parts. Stalin was attempting to extend the Soviet sphere of influence by assisting in the building of new independent countries, so the Republic of Mahabad was founded under president Qazi Muhammad. After the Soviet Union was forced to leave Iran because of pressure from the United States, the Iranian army was able to conquer Mahadbad. The leaders of the Republic were hanged in Chwarchira Square in the center of city of Mahabad in 1947. ...more on Wikipedia about "Iran crisis"
The Kakuyids were a Kurdish dynasty that held power in Isfahan (c. 1008–c. 1051). They were also the atabegs (governors) of Yazd and Arbaquh from c. 1051 to the mid- 12th century. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kakuyids"
The Kamkars ( Farsi: کامکاران, Kurdish: Koma Kamkaran), a Kurdish family of seven brothers and a sister, are undeniably one of the leading musical ensembles in Iran today. Their repertoire ranges from the vast array of Kurdish music with its poignant, entrancing melodies and uplifting high energy rhythms to the traditional classical music of Iran. The repertoire of Kurdish music is richly diverse and deeply-rooted in the ancient history and culture of its proud and passionate people. It speaks of epic tales and wars, romantic love, and recounts ancient myths and stories of national and religious heroes, some of which date back to thousands of years to the time of the ancient Medes (the ancestors of the Kurds). ...more on Wikipedia about "Kamkars group"
Kirkuk ( ,kirkūk; Kurdish: Kerkûk; The present city of Kirkuk stands on the site of the ancient Assyrian city of Arrapha ܐܪܦܐ ( ) and sits near the Khasa River ( ) on the ruins of a 5,000-year-old settlement. Kirkuk reached great importance under the Assyrians in the 10th and 11th centuries BC. Because of the strategic geographical location of the city, Kirkuk was the battle ground for the three main empires, Assyrian, Babylonian and Medes, who controlled the city at various times . ...more on Wikipedia about "Kirkuk" Visit again www.shortopedia.com
Komeley Jiyanewey Kurd, the Kurdish name for the "Kurdish Renaissance League" which was founded in 1942. It is the name of a Kurdish political group, which was instrumental in creation of Republic of Mahabad in 1946 under the leadership of Qazi Muhammad. Later the party changed its name into Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran. ...more on Wikipedia about "Komeley Jiyanewey Kurd"
Kurdish alphabet is a writing system for the Kurdish language. It was derived from Latin alphabet by Celadet Alî Bedirxan in 1932, thus also called the Bedirxan script. It is used by Kurds in Turkey and Syria. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kurdish alphabet"
Kurdish blogs have emerged in recent years as virtual fora where Kurdish-speaking Internet users can express themselves in their native Kurdish or in other languages. This is something they have not always been able to do via other media: until recently in Turkey, for example, broadcasting in Kurdish was illegal. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kurdish blogs"
The Kurdish flag first appeared during the Kurdish struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire. It is said to have been created in the 1920s by the organisation of Xoybûn (Khoyboon). An earlier version of this flag was flown by the break-away Republic of Ararat in Turkey during the period 1927- 1931. It was later the flag of the Soviet-backed Kurdish state known as the Republic of Mahabad in 1946. The flag is now widely used by Kurds in Turkey and Iraq, be they separatist or not. It is also flown by the Kurdistan Regional Government in Iraqi Kurdistan. The flag is banned in Syria and Iran, however, both of which have substantial Kurdish population. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kurdish flag"
The Kurdish Human Rights Project is a UK-based organisation that seeks to promote and protect the human rights of all people in the traditionally Kurdish regions of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Syria and the former Soviet Union (see Kurdistan). ...more on Wikipedia about "Kurdish Human Rights Project"
Kurdish Institute of Istanbul or Enstîtuya Kurdî Ya Stenbolê, was established on 18th of April 1992 by Kurdish and Turkish intellectuals such as Musa Anter, Dr. İsmail Beşikçi, Dr. Cemşid Bender, İbrahim Gürbüz and Feqi Huseyn Sağnıç. The aim of the Institute is to examine and research on Kurdish language, literature and history. Istanbul Kurdish Institute gives effort to make a standard on Kurdish language and to supply use of Kurdish as scientific language. Istanbul Kurdish Institute is governed by the Presidency, Board of Directors, Management Section and it continues its scientific research in the field of Linguistics, Literature, Folklore and History. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kurdish Institute of Istanbul"
# Kurmancî is a linguistic magazine on Kurdish, published twice a year since 1987. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kurdish Institute of Paris"
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Kurdish Jews (יהדות כורדיסתאן "Jews of Kurdistan", Standard Hebrew Yehudi Kurdistan) are the ancient Jewish communities inhabiting the region today known as Kurdistan, roughly covering parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Armenia, and Syria. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kurdish Jews"
The Kurdish language (Kurdî in Kurdish), is spoken in the region loosely called Kurdistan, including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran (Persia), Iraq, Syria and Turkey ** . Kurdish is an official language in Iraq while it is banned in Syria. Before August 2002, the Turkish government placed severe restrictions on the use of Kurdish, prohibiting the language in education and broadcast media ** . ...more on Wikipedia about "Kurdish language"
Kurdish musicians had a great role in the musical life of the Islamic caliphate. Zeryab was one among the absolutely greatest musicians in the Islamic era. He brang the Middle Eastern musical tradition to Muslim Spain and trained local musicians in his style. He also invented many maqams and musical forms and improved the design of the ûd. Ibrahim Mûsili and Is'haq Mûsili were considered among the greatest musicians of the Abbasid court. They wrote several first-rate works on local Iranic and Mesopotamian styles. Musicologists like Safi al-Din Ûrmawi - the founder of the "systematist" school of music (Wright 1978) - and Muhammad al-Khatib Arbîlî wrote some of the most seminal works on Middle Eastern musicology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kurdish music"
Kurdish PEN or Navenda PEN a Kurd is a branch of the International PEN. At the International PEN Congress in Cambridge, which took place in April 1988, there was a motion to vote for the foundation of a Kurdish PEN Centre. This process was initiated by the Kurdish author Hüseyin Erdem who had been supported by a few Kurdish writers and other national PEN Centres. All delegates of this international conference voted for the foundation of a Kurdish Centre with no vote against and no abstention. the Kurdish PEN Centre was officially registered in Spring 1990, by the District Court and Tax Office in Cologne, Germany. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kurdish PEN"
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