Language phonologies Language phonologies Ancient Greek phonology is the study of the phonology, or pronunciation, of Ancient Greek. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ancient Greek phonology"
Bernese German phonology describes the phonology of Bernese German, the dialect spoken in the Swiss plateau (Mittelland) portion of the canton of Bern. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bernese German phonology"
*Like Occitan, loss of Latin final unstressed vowels, except -a; and then after some of the resulting consonantic groups a support vowel appears, e. g. fame → fam "hunger"; bucca → boca "mouth"; nostru → nostre "ours". ...more on Wikipedia about "Catalan phonology and orthography"
(Danish phonology) #Monosyllabic words that originally ended in a short vowel + a single n, r, l, v, ð, g do not have the stød. However, when the definite article is added, the stød "returns", e.g. ven ~ vennen "friend". ...more on Wikipedia about "Danish phonology"
The creator of Esperanto, L. L. Zamenhof, did not specify phonemic-phonetic correspondences for his language. Instead, he simply described the orthography as "one letter, one sound". Literally interpreted, this is impossible: Every language has allophonic variation; and so there are disagreements, for example, as to whether voicing assimilation is allowed, expected, or forbidden in sequences like kz (found in ekzemple for example). It is also unclear whether the script is completely phonemic, since v and ŭ are in nearly complementary distribution. ...more on Wikipedia about "Esperanto phonology"
The velar nasal (äng-äänne) does not have its own letter. A single velar nasal is written nk, as in kenkä , while the doubled velar nasal is written ng, as in kengän . The treatment of the velar nasal in loanwords is highly inconsistent, following the original spelling of the word more than the proper Finnish spelling. is written englanti, is written magneetti (cf gnu), is written kongestio, etc. ...more on Wikipedia about "Finnish phonology"
French phonology is complicated by the diversity of dialects. This article aims at displaying a complete overview of French normal and possible phonemes and their most common allophones. ...more on Wikipedia about "French phonology and orthography"
German phonology describes the phonology of standard German. ...more on Wikipedia about "German phonology"
Hebrew phonology must take into account that the Hebrew language has been used primarily for liturgical purposes for most of the past two millennia. As a consequence, its pronunciation has been strongly influenced by the vernacular of each individual Jewish community. In contrast to the varied development of these pronunciations is the relatively rapid development of modern Israeli Hebrew. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hebrew phonology"
Hungarian has the following consonant system (not using standard SPE-like features), with unusual graphemes marked bold: ...more on Wikipedia about "Hungarian phonology"
Following standard notation, phonemes are written between two slashes, e.g. /p/; and phonetic transcriptions are written between square brackets, e.g. [ɬ]. ...more on Wikipedia about "Inuit language phonology and phonetics"
The phonology of the Irish language varies from dialect to dialect. The processes discussed here reflect a somewhat idealized version of "school Irish" that tends to be used by teachers outside of the Gaeltacht areas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Irish phonology"
Latin orthography did not distinguish between long and short vowels. For the modern use of macrons (āēīōū) to mark long vowels, see below. Consonants written double were so pronounced (BB , CC etc.). For example anus (old woman) or ānus (ring, anus) vs. annus (year). ...more on Wikipedia about "Latin spelling and pronunciation"
Ojibwe dialects tend to have 29 phonemes: 11 vowels (seven oral and four nasal) and 18 consonants. The obstruents of Ojibwe have a lenis/ fortis contrast, but in state of transition to the voiced/ voiceless ones. In the lenis/fortis contrast classification, all consonants are considered voiceless. The fortis consonants are characterised by being pronounced more strongly and are longer in duration. They often are aspirated or preaspirated. The lenis consonants have transitioned to being voiced in many communities (although they often tend to be voiceless at the end of words). They are pronounced less strongly and are shorter in duration, compared to the fortis ones. The semivowel transcribed The phonology of Old English is necessarily somewhat speculative, since it is preserved purely as a written language. Nevertheless, there is a very large corpus of Old English, and the written language apparently indicates phonological alternations quite faithfully, so it is not difficult to draw certain conclusions about the nature of Old English phonology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Old English phonology"
(Persian phonology)
Early NP i ī ē u ū ō a ā ...more on Wikipedia about "Persian phonology"
(Portuguese phonology)
*In most of Brazil (excluding the North and the areas south of São Paulo), the syllables ti and unstressed te are pronounced as and di and unstressed de as . ...more on Wikipedia about "Portuguese phonology"
(Romanian phonology)
The non-syllabic can be sometimes found inside compound words like câţiva (a few) and oriunde (wherever), where the first morpheme happened to end in this . A word that contains this phoneme twice is cincizeci (fifty). ...more on Wikipedia about "Romanian phonology"
(Russian phonology)
# The default pronunciation of а is ; я differs from this merely by indicating the palatalization of the preceding consonant (or iotation at the beginning of the word). In both cases, is fronted to between palatized consonants (see consonants below). So мать is realised as , whereas пять is realised as . ...more on Wikipedia about "Russian phonology"
This article describes the phonology (ie the sound system) of the Somali language. For other details on Somali (grammar, writing system, etc), please see Somali language. ...more on Wikipedia about "Somali phonology"
This article is about the phonology of the Spanish language. It deals with current phonology and phonetics as well as with historical developments thereof, including geographical variants (for details, see the articles on History of the Spanish language and Spanish dialects and varieties). ...more on Wikipedia about "Spanish phonology"
* Central Standard Swedish ...more on Wikipedia about "Swedish phonology"
All but three of the 83 consonants are found in native vocabulary. The plain velars [ ] are found mainly in loans and onomatopoeia: crow (from Turkish), slat, batten (possibly from Abdzakh Adyghe), estate, legacy (from Turkish vakıf). As well, the pharyngealised labial consonants are almost exclusively noted in words where they are associated with another pharyngealised consonant (for instance, handful), but are occasionally found outside this context (the verb root is an example, meaning to explode, to burst). Finally, is mainly found in interjections and loans, with now the only real native word to contain the phoneme. The frequency of consonants in Ubykh is very variable; the two phonemes and account for over 20% of the consonant phonemes encountered. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ubykh phonology"
(Ukrainian phonology)
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | Near-close ...more on Wikipedia about "Ukrainian phonology"
(Vietnamese phonology)
* (orthographic ư) is close central unrounded and backed and lowered: . Many descriptions, such as Thompson (1959, 1965), Nguyễn (1970), Nguyễn (1997), consider this vowel to be close back unrounded: . However, Han's (1966) instrumental analysis indicates that it is more central than back. Brunelle (2003) and Pham (2003) also transcribe this vowel as central. ...more on Wikipedia about "Vietnamese phonology"
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