Legal ethics Legal ethics Accountant-client privilege is a privilege defined in U.S. tax law enacted by the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, Pub. L. No. 105-206 (H.R. 2676) (July 22, 1998), as Internal Revenue Code section 7525. The law extends a limited confidentiality privilege to certain non-attorneys. ...more on Wikipedia about "Accountant-client privilege"
American Bar Association Model Code of Professional Responsibility, created by the American Bar Association (ABA) in 1969, was a set of professional standards to guarantee the minimum legal ethics and professional responsibility of lawyers in the United States. It was replaced with the Model Rules of Professional Conduct in 1983 because of the Watergate scandal. ...more on Wikipedia about "American Bar Association Model Code of Professional Responsibility"
ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, created by the American Bar Association (ABA), is a set of professional standards to guarantee the minimum legal ethics and professional responsibility of lawyers in the United States. ...more on Wikipedia about "American Bar Association Model Rules of Professional Conduct"
Attorney-client privilege is a legal concept that protects communications between a client and his or her attorney and keeps those communications confidential. This privilege encourages open and honest communication between clients and attorneys. However, in the United States, not all state courts treat attorney communications as privileged. For instance, Washington state law, and the federal courts when applying federal law, only protect client communications -- an attorney's communication will only be protected as privileged to the extent it contains or reveals the client's communications. In contrast, California state law protects the attorney's confidential communications regardless of whether they contain, refer to or reveal the client's communications. In addition, the privilege does not terminate upon the client's death. ...more on Wikipedia about "Attorney-client privilege"
Commingling, which literally means "mixing together", is a breach of trust in which a fiduciary mixes funds that he holds in the care of a client with his own funds, making it difficult to determine which funds belong to the fiduciary and which belong to the client. This raises particular concerns where the funds are invested, and gains or losses from the investments must be allocated. In such circumstances, the law usually presumes that any gains run to the client and any losses run to the fiduciary who is guilty of commingling. ...more on Wikipedia about "Commingling"
A conflict of interest is a situation in which someone in a position of trust, such as a lawyer, a politician, or an executive or director of a corporation, has competing professional and/or personal interests. Such competing interests can make it difficult to fulfill his or her duties fairly. Even if there is no evidence of improper actions, a conflict of interest can create an appearance of impropriety that can undermine confidence in the ability of that person to act properly. ...more on Wikipedia about "Conflict of interest"
Disbarment is a penalty for lawyers. It consists of no longer being allowed to practice law or argue cases. For most lawyers, this can essentially mean no longer having a livelihood. ...more on Wikipedia about "Disbarment"
In many common law jurisdictions, fiduciary is a legal term used to describe a relationship between a person who occupies a particular position of trust, power or responsibility with respect to the rights, property or interests of another. Common relationships with this character are those of a guardian and a ward, an attorney and a client, and a trustee and a beneficiary. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fiduciary"
It is generally understood that whilst having such a rule provides significant obvious benefits, neither driving on the left nor driving on the right are inherently ethically superior. The law exists to protect drivers from each other, rather than to prohibit drivers from driving on an unethical side of the road. ...more on Wikipedia about "Laws without ethical content"
A lawyer is a person licensed by the state to advise clients in legal matters and represent them in courts of law and in other forms of dispute resolution. Most countries today require professional law advisors in their judicial systems. Lawyers have many names in different countries, including " advocate", "attorney" (US), " barrister", " counsel", "counselor", " civil law notary" and " solicitor"; many of these names indicate specific classes or ranks of jurists. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lawyer"
Legal ethics refers to an ethical code governing those in the practice of law. In many places, lawyers are bound by an ethical code that is enforced by self-governing bar associations, which have the authority to discipline (up to and including disbarment) members who engage in unethical professional behavior. American law schools are required to offer a course in professional responsibility, which encompasses both legal ethics and matters of professionalism that do not present ethical concerns. ...more on Wikipedia about "Legal ethics"
In ethics and law, Let the punishment fit the crime is the principle that the severity of penalty for a misdeed or wrongdoing should be reasonable and proportional to the severity of the infraction. The judgment of whether a punishment is appropriately severe can be very subjective. The alternative to this principle is to make the punishment "too severe" for reasons of vengeance, retribution, deterrence, or problem elimination, or to make the punishment "too lenient" in the hopes that the wrongdoer will amend his ways or is little threat to commit an offense again. ...more on Wikipedia about "Let the punishment fit the crime"
In the laws of many common law jurisdictions, the concept of legal privilege, or the rule that certain conversations are so private and confidential that they cannot be used as evidence in court, extends to communication between a patient and physician. Although the rule is sometimes thought to apply only to situations such as admissions made to a psychiatrist during treatment, this is only one case. In some jurisdictions, conversations between a patient and physician may be privileged in both criminal and civil courts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Physician-patient privilege"
A privilege—etymologically "private law" or law relating to a specific individual—is an honour, or permissive activity granted by another person or a government. A privilege is not a right and in some cases can be revoked. For example in most countries driving on publicly-maintained roads is a privilege, if one violates certain rules driving privileges can be revoked. ...more on Wikipedia about "Privilege"
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Pro bono is a phrase derived from Latin meaning "for the good". The complete phrase is pro bono publico, "for the public good". It is used to designate legal or other professional work undertaken voluntarily and without payment, as a public service. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pro bono"
Professional responsibility is the area of legal practice that encompasses the duties of attorneys to act in a professional manner, obey the law, avoid conflicts of interest, and put the interests of clients ahead of their own interests. ...more on Wikipedia about "Professional responsibility"
The Right to a fair trial is an essential right in all countries respecting the rule of law. It is explicitly proclaimed in the Sixth Amendment of the US Constitution, Article Ten of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article Six of the European Convention of Human Rights, as well as numerous other constitutions and declarations throughout the world. ...more on Wikipedia about "Right to a fair trial"
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