Lifting bodies Lifting bodies The AEREON 26 was an experimental aircraft developed to investigate lifting body design with a view to using its shape to create hybrid designs, part airship, part conventional aircraft. It was powered by a piston engine, driving a pusher propeller, and generated lift through the aerodynamics of its lozenge-shaped fuselage. ...more on Wikipedia about "AEREON 26"
Kliper (Клипер, also referred to as Clipper) is a spacecraft proposed in 2004 by Russian rocket and space company RKK Energia. Designed primarily to replace the Soyuz spacecraft, it is a partly reusable spaceplane that glides into the atmosphere at an angle that produces much less acceleration on the human occupants than the current Soyuz. Kliper is currently proposed in two versions: as a lifting body design and as a spaceplane with small wings. The craft can carry up to six people and can be used for ferry services between earth and the International Space Station. It has also (as of September 28 2005) been declared that it will be used on trans-lunar missions (though with no plans for landings) and may at least theoretically be used on Mars exploration. The primary focus for its development was to reduce costs for manned space flights by using the reusable spaceship approach and to replace the aging Soyuz capsule design. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kliper"
The lifting body is an aircraft configuration where the body itself produces lift. It is related to, but the opposite of, a flying wing, an aircraft whose fuselage is contained by the wing. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lifting body"
The X-33 was a subscale technology demonstrator for a next-generation, commercially operated space launch vehicle named VentureStar. The X-33 was to flight test a range of technologies needed for single stage to orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks for liquid hydrogen, the aerospike engine, autonomous (unmanned) flight control, rapid flight turn-around times through streamlined operations, and its lifting body aerodynamics. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lockheed Martin X-33"
The X-24 was an experimental US aircraft developed from a joint USAF- NASA program named PILOT (1963-1975). It was designed and built to test lifting body concepts, experimenting with the concept of unpowered reentry and landing, later used by the Space Shuttle. ...more on Wikipedia about "Martin-Marietta X-24"
The Multi-Unit Space Transport And Recovery Device or MUSTARD was a concept explored for the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) around 1964- 1965. MUSTARD used three largely identical lifting bodies (each similar to the Northrop HL-10), stacked back-to-belly, to launch a crew into orbit. ...more on Wikipedia about "MUSTARD"
The NASA M2-F1 was a lightweight, unpowered prototype aircraft, developed to flight test the wingless lifting body concept. It looked like a "flying bathtub," and was designated the M2-F1, the "M" referring to "manned" and "F" referring to "flight" version. In 1962, NASA Dryden management approved a program to build a lightweight, unpowered lifting body prototype. It featured a plywood shell placed over a tubular steel frame crafted at Dryden. Construction was completed in 1963. ...more on Wikipedia about "NASA M2-F1"
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The Northrop HL-10 was one of five heavyweight lifting body designs flown at NASA's Flight Research Center (FRC--later Dryden Flight Research Center), Edwards, California, from July 1966 to November 1975 to study and validate the concept of safely maneuvering and landing a low lift-over-drag vehicle designed for reentry from space. It was a NASA design and was built to evaluate "inverted airfoil" lifting body and delta planform. ...more on Wikipedia about "Northrop HL-10"
The Northrop M2-F2 was a heavyweight lifting body based on studies at NASA's Ames and Langley research centers. Built by the Northrop Corporation in 1966. The "M" refers to "manned" and "F" refers to "flight" version. ...more on Wikipedia about "Northrop M2-F2"
The Northrop M2-F3 was rebuilt from the M2-F2 at Northrop and redesignated the M2-F3 after the M2-F2 crashed at Dryden in 1967. It was modified with an additional third vertical fin -- centered between the tip fins -- to improve control characteristics. The "M" refers to "manned" and "F" refers to "flight" version. ...more on Wikipedia about "Northrop M2-F3"
The Martin-Marietta X-23A PRIME (Precision Reentry Including Maneuvering reEntry) was a small lifting body re-entry vehicle tested by the United States Air Force in the mid-1960s. Unlike ASSET, primarily used for structural and heating research, the X-23 PRIME was developed to study the effects of maneuvering re-entry, including cross range maneuvers up to 710 miles (1143 km) off the ballistic track. ...more on Wikipedia about "X-23 PRIME"
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