Lunar spacecraft Lunar spacecraft Apollo 10 was the fourth manned mission in the Apollo program, and the first (and only manned Saturn V) mission to launch from pad 39B. The mission included the second crew to orbit the Moon, and the test of the lunar module in lunar orbit. The module came to within 8.4 nautical miles (15.6 km) of the lunar surface during practice maneuvers. According to the 2001 Guinness World Records Apollo 10 has the record for the highest speed attained by a manned vehicle: 39,897 km/h (11.08 km/s or 24,791 mph). ...more on Wikipedia about "Apollo 10"
Apollo 11 was an American space mission, part of the Apollo program and the first manned mission to land on the Moon. Apollo 11 launched July 16, 1969. On July 20, mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin became the first humans to set foot on the Moon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apollo 11"
Apollo 12 was the sixth manned mission in the Apollo program and the second to land on the Moon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apollo 12"
Apollo 13 was an American space mission, part of the Apollo program. It was intended to be the third mission to land on the Moon, but instead is famous for the critical malfunction it suffered and its difficult but successful return home. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apollo 13"
Apollo 14 was the eighth manned mission in the Apollo program and the third mission to land on the moon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apollo 14"
Apollo 15 was the ninth manned mission in the Apollo program and the fourth mission to land on the Moon. It was the first of what were termed J missions — long duration stays on the Moon with a greater focus on science than had been on previous missions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apollo 15"
Apollo 16 was the tenth manned mission in the Apollo program and the fifth mission to land on the Moon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apollo 16"
Apollo 17 was the eleventh manned space mission in the NASA Apollo program and was the sixth and last mission to date to land on the Moon. It was the first night launch, and the final mission, of the Apollo program. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apollo 17"
Apollo 8 was the second manned mission of the Apollo space program, in which Commander Frank Borman, Command Module Pilot James Lovell and Lunar Module Pilot William Anders became the first humans to leave Earth orbit and to orbit around the Moon. It was also the first manned launch of the Saturn V rocket. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apollo 8"
The Command/Service Module (CSM) was a spacecraft built for NASA by North American Aviation. It was one of the two spacecraft that were utilized for the Apollo program, along with the Lunar Module, to land astronauts on the Moon. Together they were called the Apollo spacecraft. After the conclusion of the Apollo program, the CSM saw service as a ferry for the Skylab program and for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project where a CSM rendezvoused in orbit with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apollo Command/Service Module"
The Apollo Lunar Module was the lander portion of the Apollo spacecraft built for the US Apollo program to achieve the transit from Moon orbit to the surface and back. The module was also known as the LM from the manufacturer designation (yet pronounced "LEM" from NASA's early name for it, Lunar Excursion Module). ...more on Wikipedia about "Apollo Lunar Module"
Chandrayaan I (Sanskrit चंद्रयान) which literally means "Moon Craft" is the name for a project of the Indian space agency to send an unmanned spacecraft to the Moon which will then take a polar orbit around. The spacecraft will be launched by a modified version of India's indigenous Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chandrayaan"
Chang'e ( ) is a program of unmanned missions to the Moon by China announced in 2003, named for the Chinese moon goddess Chang'e. The first spacecraft, Chang'e 1 (嫦娥一号; Cháng'é Yīhào), is currently scheduled to be launched between April 17 and April 19, 2007 ** , with further launches by 2010. The full program consists of lunar orbiters, lunar rovers and a soil return spacecraft. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chang'e program"
Clementine was a joint space project between the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO, previously the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, or SDIO) and NASA. The objective of the mission was to test sensors and spacecraft components under extended exposure to the space environment and to make scientific observations of the Moon and the near-Earth asteroid 1620 Geographos. The Geographos observations were not made due to a malfunction in the spacecraft. The lunar observations made included imaging at various wavelengths in the visible as well as in ultraviolet and infrared, laser ranging altimetry, gravimetry, and charged particle measurements. These observations were for the purposes of obtaining multi-spectral imaging the entire lunar surface, assessing the surface mineralogy of the Moon and obtaining altimetry from 60N to 60S latitude and gravity data for the near side. There were also plans to image and determine the size, shape, rotational characteristics, surface properties, and cratering statistics of Geographos. Clementine carried 7 distinct experiments on-board: a UV/Visible Camera, a Near Infrared Camera, a Long Wavelength Infrared Camera, a High Resolution Camera, two Star Tracker Cameras, a Laser Altimeter, and a Charged Particle Telescope. The S-band transmitter was used for communications, tracking, and the gravimetry experiment. ...more on Wikipedia about "Clementine mission" Go crack a http://www.shortopedia.com!
Explorer 35 was a spin-stabilized spacecraft instrumented for interplanetary studies, at lunar distances, of the interplanetary plasma, magnetic field, energetic particles, and solar X rays. It was launched into an elliptical lunar orbit. The spin axis direction was nearly perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, and the spin rate was 25.6 rpm. Mission objectives were achieved. After successful operation for 6 years, the spacecraft was turned off on June 24, 1973. ...more on Wikipedia about "Explorer 35"
HGS-1, formerly known as AsiaSat 3, is a geosynchronous communications satellite. It is notable in that it was salvaged from an unusable geosynchronous transfer orbit by means of the Moon's gravity. ...more on Wikipedia about "HGS-1"
The Hiten spacecraft, built by the Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science of Japan, was launched on January 24, 1990. The spacecraft entered a circumlunar orbit and released a small orbiter, Hagoromo, into lunar orbit. The transmitter on Hagoromo failed, rendering it scientifically useless, but the orbit insertion burn was verified optically. The only scientific instrument on Hiten was the Munich Dust Counter (MDC). The MDC provided data on the dust environment between the earth and the moon until April 10, 1993 when Hiten was intentionally crashed into the lunar surface between the craters Stevnus and Furnerius. Hiten was the first lunar probe originating from a country other than the United States or the Soviet Union. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hiten"
The following table is a partial list of artificial objects on the surface of the Moon. They have been abandoned after having served their purpose. The list does not include smaller objects such as the retroreflectors. Nor does it include several commemerative or personal objects left there by Apollo astronauts, such as the golf balls from Alan Shepard's lunar driving practice during Apollo 14, or the statuette left by the crew of Apollo 15. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of artificial objects on the Moon"
Lunar plaques are square stainless steel plaques (9" x 7 5/8") attached to the ladders on the descent stages of the lunar modules used from Apollo 11 through Apollo 17. All of the plaques bear facsimilies of the participating astronauts' signatures. Two of the plaques ( Apollo 11 and Apollo 17) bear a facsimile of the signature of President Richard Nixon. Only the Apollo 12 lunar plaque does not bear a picture of the Earth (and is textured differently as well). Apollo 17's plaque bears a depiction of the lunar globe in addition to the Earth. The plaques used on Apollo missions 13 through 16 bear the call-sign of the lunar module. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lunar plaque"
The Lunar Prospector mission was the third selected by NASA for full development and construction as part of the Discovery Program. At a cost of $62.8 million, the 19-month mission was designed for a low polar orbit investigation of the Moon, including mapping of surface composition and possible polar ice deposits, measurements of magnetic and gravity fields, and study of lunar outgassing events. The mission ended July 31, 1999 when the orbiter was deliberately crashed into a crater near the lunar south pole in an unsuccessful attempt to detect the presence of water. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lunar Prospector"
The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is an unmanned orbiter planned for launch to the Moon in October 2008. It is an early element of the implementation of the United States Vision for Space Exploration and its objectives are primarily to support that policy, such as surveying lunar resources and identifying possible landing sites. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter" The text you are reading is from www.shortopedia.com shortopedia
The Lunar Roving Vehicle or Lunar rover or LRV is a land vehicle for use on the Moon. Several of the Apollo Lunar Module and Soviet Lunokhod program spacecraft delivered lunar rovers to the moon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lunar rover"
LUNAR-A is a Japanese spacecraft that was scheduled to be launched in August 2004. It will be carried into space by a Japanese M-V launch vehicle from the Kagoshima Space Center. ...more on Wikipedia about "LUNAR-A"
Pioneer 1, the second and most successful of three project Able space probes and the first spacecraft launched by the newly formed NASA. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pioneer 1"
Pioneer 2 was the last of the three project Able space probes designed to probe lunar and cislunar space. Shortly after launch on 8 November 1958 , the third stage of the launch vehicle separated but failed to ignite, and Pioneer 2 did not achieve its intended lunar orbit. The spacecraft attained a maximum altitude of 1550 km (963 miles) before reentering Earth's atmosphere at 28.7 N, 1.9 E over NW Africa. A small amount of data was obtained during the short flight, including evidence that the equatorial region around Earth has higher flux and higher energy radiation than previously considered and that the micrometeorite density is higher around Earth than in space. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pioneer 2" shortopedia Dreamteam.
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