Materials

Activated carbon (also called activated charcoal) is the more general term which includes carbon material mostly derived from charcoal. It denotes a material which has an exceptionally high surface area, typically determined by nitrogen adsorption, and includes a large amount of microporosity. Sufficient activation for useful applications may come solely from the high surface area, though often further chemical treatment is used to enhance the adsorbing properties of the material. ...more on Wikipedia about "Activated carbon"

Adobe is a building material composed of water, sandy clay and straw or other organic materials, which is shaped into bricks using wooden frames and dried in the sun, also known as Mudbrick . Adobe structures are extremely durable and account for the oldest extant buildings on the planet. Adobe buildings also offer significant advantages in hot, dry climates, as they remain cooler as it stores and releases heat very slowly. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adobe"

Aerated Autoclaved Concrete (AAC) also known as Porous Concrete, was first developed by a Swedish engineer between the years 1920 and 1932. It has since been modified and refined to a highly thermally insulating material used for construction both internally and externally. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aerated Autoclaved Concrete"

Aerogel is a solid-state substance similar to gel where the liquid component is replaced with gas. The result is an extremely low density solid with several remarkable properties, most notably its effectiveness as an insulator. It is nicknamed frozen smoke, solid smoke or blue smoke due to its semi-transparent nature; however it feels like foam to the touch. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aerogel"

Agricultural lime is a soil additive made from pulverized limestone or chalk. The primary active component is calcium carbonate. Additional chemicals vary depending on the mineral source and may include calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate. ...more on Wikipedia about "Agricultural lime"

Asphalt concrete, normally known simply as asphalt, is a composite material commonly used for construction of paved roads, highways and parking lots. It consists of asphalt binder and mineral aggregate mixed together, laid down in layers and compacted. ...more on Wikipedia about "Asphalt concrete"

Athalite is claimed by its manufacturer to be a proprietary material used in the tips of the ColdHeat soldering tool. The name is derived from "Accelerated THermal Action". It is a composite material and it is highly malleable. ** However, the material is very fragile. ...more on Wikipedia about "Athalite"

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Balatá (Manilkara bidentata) is a species of sapodilla tree native to a large area of northern South America, Central America and the Caribbean. It is also the natural latex made from its sap. ...more on Wikipedia about "Balatá"

Balm of Gilead is a healing compound made from the resinous gum of a bush which grew plentifully in the area of Gilead. This compound came to known as the "Balm of Gilead", and was exported widely. The Balm of Gilead is mentioned several times in the Bible. ...more on Wikipedia about "Balm of Gilead"

A bean bag is a bag containing dried beans or PVC pellets, with various applications. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bean bag"

Bentonite is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate generally impure clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite, (Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O. Two types exist: swelling bentonite which is also called sodium bentonite and non-swelling bentonite or calcium bentonite. It forms from weathering of volcanic ash, most often in the presence of water. Bentonite expands when wet - sodium bentonite can absorb several hundred percent of its dry weight in water. It is commonly used in drilling fluids, used to make slurry walls, and used to form impermeable barriers (ie plug old wells, as a liner in the base of landfills to prevent migration of leachate into the soil). ...more on Wikipedia about "Bentonite"

A Bingham plastic is a material that behaves as a rigid body at low stresses but flows as a viscous fluid at high stress. It is used as a common mathematical model of mud flow in offshore engineering. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bingham plastic"

Biomass is organic non- fossil material, collectively. In other words, biomass comprises the mass of all biological organisms, dead or alive, excluding biological mass that has been transformed by geological processes into substances such as coal or petroleum. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biomass"

Bondo is a putty used to fix dents in cars. While the term Bondo applies to one company's product, it is commonly used to refer to all auto-repair putties. Bondo is a two-part epoxy that when mixed turns into a putty which then sets and becomes rock-hard. One applies the mixed Bondo to the dented panel, sands it to the proper shape and primes & paints like normal metal. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bondo"

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:This page is about bricks used for construction. For other types of brick please see Brick (disambiguation). ...more on Wikipedia about "Brick"

Building material is any material which is used for a construction purpose. Just about every type of available material has been used at one time or another for creating various human and animal homes, structures, and technologies. This reference deals with habitat structures including homes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Building material"

Carbon fiber can refer to carbon filament thread, or to felt or woven cloth made from those carbon filaments. By extension, it is also used informally to mean any composite material made with carbon filament; for more on that application, see graphite-reinforced plastic. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carbon fiber"

Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical carbon molecules with novel properties that make them potentially useful in a wide variety of applications (e.g., nano-electronics, optics, materials applications, etc.). They exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient conductors of heat. Inorganic nanotubes have also been synthesized. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carbon nanotube"

Cast earth is a building material which was developed relatively recently and is coming into use more frequently as it is studied further. Cast earth is an aqueous slurry of earth and water mixed with approximately 15% calcined gypsum, which is perhaps known more widely as plaster of Paris. It can be used to form solid walls that need not be reinforced with steel or timber framing, unless extra seismic reinforcement is necessary. Forms are set up and filled with cast earth, which sets quickly and solidly. Once the forms are removed the wall stays sound. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cast earth"

A chalcogenide is a binary compound consisting of a chalcogen and a more electropositive element. The electropositive element is often introduced by doping but not always necessary. In selenium compounds charge separation may result from branching. Gold chalcogenides are minerals and chalcogenide glasses are photoconductive and used in xerography and television. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chalcogenide"

Chinking refers to the mortar/infill material between the logs in the construction of log cabins and other log-walled structures. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chinking"

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Chirpici (IPA /kir.'piʧʲ/) is a traditional material of construction made out of clay and straws, used especially in the steppes of Southern Romania, in the Bărăgan Plain, but also in other lowlands of Oltenia, Moldavia and Dobruja. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chirpici"

A cinder block, also called a breeze block, concrete block, or Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU), is a rectangular concrete block used in construction. Cinder blocks are typically in the shape of two squares joined on one side to form a rectangle, with the insides of the squares hollow. This allows structures to be built in the traditional masonry style of overlapping rows, with the structure's weight carried by the "walls" of the blocks. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cinder block"

Clunch is a traditional building material used mainly in eastern England and Normandy. It is a term which encompasses a wide variety of materials, often locally variable. ...more on Wikipedia about "Clunch"

Coal tar is the liquid by-product of the distillation of coal to make coke. The gaseous by-product produced by this process is commonly known as town gas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Coal tar"

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