Materials science Materials science Ablation is defined as the removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive processes. Often used in the context of laser ablation, a process by which the molecular bonds of a material are dissolved by a laser. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ablation"
Absorption, in chemistry, is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a process in which atoms, molecules, or ions enter some bulk phase - gas, liquid or solid material. This is a different process from adsorption, since the molecules are taken up by the volume, not by surface. A more general term is sorption which covers adsorption, absorption, and ion exchange. ...more on Wikipedia about "Absorption (chemistry)"
Adhesion is the molecular attraction exerted between bodies in contact. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adhesion"
In chemistry, adsorption of a substance or adsorbate is its concentration on a particular surface of adsorbent. The result is the formation of a liquid or gas film on the surface of a solid body. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adsorption"
The Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory is a national synchrotron-radiation light source research facility funded by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Argonne National Laboratory is managed by the University of Chicago for the U.S. DOE. ...more on Wikipedia about "Advanced Photon Source"
The Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian General Research Applications (ALEGRA) code is a next-generation large-deformation shock physics code created by researchers at Sandia National Laboratory. This code uses an "Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian" (ALE) formulation on an unstructured mesh, allowing one to designate whether material should flow through a stationary mesh (pure Eulerian), whether the mesh should move with the material (pure Lagrangian), or whether the mesh should be allowed to move independently of the material motion (arbitrary). The arbitrary formulation permits a simulation to proceed in Lagrangian fashion until the mesh becomes too highly distorted. Points in the most deformed regions of the mesh are then repositioned to reduce the distortion to acceptable levels. This reduces the overall computational expense of a purely Lagrangian approach while being more accurate than the traditional Eulerian method. ...more on Wikipedia about "ALEGRA"
Arthur Gossard is a professor of Materials at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His research is related to molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). He was a doctorate from UC Berkeley. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arthur Gossard"
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The Bauschinger effect refers to a property of materials where the material's stress-strain characteristics change as a result of the microscopic stress distribution of the material. E.g. an increase in compressive yield strength at the expense of tensile yield strength. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bauschinger effect"
Biocompatible is the adjectival form of biocompatibility and is often used to characterise a biomaterial. However, the use of biocompatible is not recommended since the word biocompatible by itself is not contextual and since no material can perform with an appropriate host response in all situations. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biocompatible"
The Brinell scale characterises the indentation hardness of materials through the scale of penetration of an indenter, loaded on a material test-piece. It is one of several definitions of hardness in materials science. ...more on Wikipedia about "Brinell hardness test"
A material is brittle if it is subject to fracture when subjected to stress i.e. it has little tendency to deform (or strain) before fracture. This fracture absorbs relatively little energy, even in materials of high strength. ...more on Wikipedia about "Brittle"
In engineering, buckling is a failure mode of a structural member characterised by a failure to react to the bending moment generated by a compressive load. ...more on Wikipedia about "Buckling"
In chemistry, materials science, and other scientific disciplines, a bulk property of a substance is one that is independent of the amount of that substance being measured. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bulk property"
Case hardening or surface hardening is the process of hardening the surface of steel whilst leaving the interior unchanged. The idea behind case hardening is to have two different types of steel in the same item. This allows a relatively soft, tough core of a component to be combined with a hard (but potentially brittle) surface. Case hardening improves the wear resistance of machine parts without affecting the tough interior of the parts. Many processes are available for surface hardening. ...more on Wikipedia about "Case hardening" Be happy with www.shortopedia.com Materials_science
Casting is a process by which a material is introduced into a mold while it is liquid, allowed to solidify in the shape inside the mold, and then removed producing a fabricated object, part, or casing. Casting is often used for creating one or more copies of an original piece of sculptural (three-dimensional) artwork. It is also used extensively in the automobile manufacture industry, such as the casting of engine blocks or cylinder heads, or vacuum-forming of plastics and in the lost core process. The process, particularly when performed with molten metals, is also called founding. ...more on Wikipedia about "Casting"
Cathodoluminescence is an optical and electrical phenomenon where a beam of electrons generated by an electron gun (e.g. cathode ray tube) impacts on a phosphor causing it to emit visible light. The most common example is the screen of a television. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cathodoluminescence"
The characteristic energy length scale describes the size of the region from which energy flows to a rapidly moving crack. If material properties change within the characteristic energy length scale, local wave speeds can dominate crack dynamics. This can lead to supersonic fracture. ...more on Wikipedia about "Characteristic energy length scale"
Chirotechnology in materials science is the chemistry and technology of production and separation of enantiomers. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chirotechnology"
Cohesion or cohesive attraction or cohesive force in chemistry is the intermolecular attraction between like- molecules. Cohesion explains phenomena such as surface tension. Capillary action for example described in the Cohesion-tension theory related to botany is considered a mix of cohesion and adhesion. Cohesion is produced by the intermolecular forces. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cohesion (chemistry)"
Cold rolling is a metallurgical process in which the metal is passed through a pair of rolls and the temperature of the metal is below its recrystallization temperature. This hardens the metal as the crystals are being stretched out. After a few times rolling the metal should be annealed by heating it above the recrystallization temperature. This should be done regularly as otherwise the metal sheet cracks due to brittleness. Most non ferrous metals are rolled cold to make sheet. However, steel is usually rolled hot unless it is thin sheet or special bars such as for machine shafts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cold rolling"
Cold Work is a quality imparted on a material as a result of plastic deformation at low to moderate temperatures (typically <0.5 Tm). Such deformation increases the concentration of dislocations which may subsequently form low-angle grain boundaries surrounding sub-grains. Cold work generally results in a higher yield strength as a result of the increased number of dislocations and the Hall-Petch effect of the sub-grains. However, there is a simultaneous decrease in the ductility. The effects of cold working may be removed by annealing the material at high temperatures where recovery and recrystallization reduce the dislocation density. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cold work"
Colloidal particle - small amount of matter having size typical for colloids and with a clear phase boundary ( phase colloids), a group of such particles (aggregate, agglomerate) or being a macromolecule (eg. solution of polymer molecules is a molecular colloid) or a molecular aggregate (e.g. micelle). ...more on Wikipedia about "Colloidal particle"
Compressive strength is the capacity of a material to withstand axially directed pushing forces. When the limit of compressive strength is reached, materials are crushed. Concrete can be made to have high compressive strength. ...more on Wikipedia about "Compressive strength"
Corrosion is deterioration of intrinsic properties in a material due to reactions with its environment. Weakening of steel due to oxidation of the iron atoms is a well-known example of electrochemical corrosion. This type of damage usually affects metallic materials, and typically produces oxide(s) and/or salt(s) of the original metal. Corrosion also includes the dissolution of ceramic materials and can refer to discoloration and weakening of polymers by the sun's ultraviolet light. ...more on Wikipedia about "Corrosion"
Creep is the term given to the material deformation that occurs as a result of long term exposure to levels of stress that are below the yield or ultimate strength, often in combination with temperatures near its melting point. An easily produced example of creep is the sagging of a chocolate bar under its own weight on a hot day. ...more on Wikipedia about "Creep (deformation)" There's a bit of shortopedia in all of us. shortopedia
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