Medical tests Medical tests Abreugraphy is a technique for mass screening of tuberculosis using a miniature (50 to 100 mm) photograph of the screen of a x-ray fluoroscopy of the thorax, first developed in 1935. ...more on Wikipedia about "Abreugraphy"
Alpha waves are electromagnetic oscillations in the frequency range of 8-12 Hz arising from synchronous and coherent (in phase / constructive) electrical activity of large groups of neurons in the human brain. They are also called Berger's wave in memory of the founder of EEG. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alpha wave"
The Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) is a measure of the fall in blood pressure in the arteries supplying the legs and as such is used to detect evidence of blockages ( peripheral vascular disease). It is calculated by dividing the systolic blood pressure in the ankle by the higher of the two systolic blood pressures in the arms. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ankle brachial pressure index"
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are antibodies against antigens in the cytoplasm of neutrophil granulocytes (the most common type of white blood cell). They are detected as a blood test in a number of autoimmune disorders, but are particularly associated with systemic vasculitis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody"
Antistreptolysin O Titre (ASOT) - titre of ( serum) antistreptolysin O antibodies; a blood test used to assist in the diagnosis of a streptococcal infection/indication of past exposure to streptococci. ...more on Wikipedia about "Antistreptolysin O titre"
Arterial blood gas measurement is a blood test that is performed to determine the concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, as well as the pH, in the blood. Its main use is in pulmonology, as many lung diseases feature poor gas exchange, but it is also used in nephrology (kidney diseases) and electrolyte disturbances. As its name implies, the sample is taken from an artery, which is more uncomfortable and difficult than venipuncture. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arterial blood gas"
Auscultation is the technical term for listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope. Auscultation is normally performed for the purposes of examining the cardiovascular system and respiratory systems (heart and lung sounds), as well as the gastrointestinal system (bowel sounds). ...more on Wikipedia about "Auscultation"
A barium enema, also called a lower gastrointestinal series, is a medical procedure used to examine and dignose problems with the human large intestines. An X-ray examination of the large intestines, pictures are taken after rectal instillation of barium sulfate. ...more on Wikipedia about "Barium enema"
A Bence Jones protein is a protein often found in the blood and urine of patients with multiple myeloma. The proteins are immunoglobulin free light chains ( paraproteins) and are produced by defective plasma cell function. There are various rarer conditions which can produce Bence Jones proteins, such as Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and other malignanices. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bence Jones protein"
A biopsy (in Greek: bios = life and opsy = look/appearance) is a medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues for examination. The tissue is often examined under a microscope and can also be analyzed chemically (for example, using PCR techniques). When only a sample of tissue is removed, the procedure is called an incisional biopsy or core biopsy. When an entire lump or suspicious area is removed, the procedure is called an excisional biopsy. When a sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle, the procedure is called a needle aspiration biopsy. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biopsy"
Bleeding time is a medical test done on someone to assess their platelet function. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bleeding time"
Blood culture is microbiological culture of blood. It is employed to detect infections that are spreading through the bloodstream ( bacteremia, septicemia). ...more on Wikipedia about "Blood culture"
A blood film or peripheral blood smear is a slide made from a drop of blood, that allows the cells to be examined. Blood films are usually done to investigate hematological problems (disorders of the blood itself) and, occasionally, to look for parasites within the blood such as malaria and filaria. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blood film"
Blood glucose monitoring is a way of testing how much glucose is in the blood ( glycemia). A drop of blood, usually taken from the fingertip, is placed on the end of a specially coated strip, called a testing strip. The strip has a chemical on it that makes it change color according to how much glucose is in the blood. One can tell if the level of glucose is low, high, or normal in one of two ways. The first is by comparing the color on the end of the strip to a color chart that is printed on the side of the test strip container. The second is by inserting the strip into a small machine, called a blood glucose meter, which "reads" the strip and shows the level of blood glucose in a digital window display. Patients can adjust doses of hypoglycemic treatment by guidance of blood glucose monitoring and achieve better glycemic control. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blood glucose monitoring"
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Blood tests are laboratory tests done on blood to gain an appreciation of disease states and the function of organs. Since blood flows throughout the body, acting as a medium for providing oxygen and other nutrients, and drawing waste products back to the excretory systems for disposal, the state of the bloodstream affects, or is affected by, many medical conditions. For these reasons, blood tests are the most commonly performed medical tests. Blood is obtained from a patient by venipuncture, except for tests such as Arterial blood gas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blood test"
Bloodletting (or blood-letting, in modern medicine referred to as phlebotomy) was a popular medical practice from antiquity up to the late 19th century, involving the withdrawal of often considerable quantities of blood from a patient in the belief that this would cure or prevent illness and disease. The practice has been largely abandoned due to its proven ineffectiveness against all but a few conditions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bloodletting"
A bone marrow biopsy is a medical procedure used as part of a test in the diagnosis of several conditions including leukemia. A biopsy is a method of removing a small tissue sample from the body to have it examined under a microscope and possibly analyzed by other tests. Bone marrow is soft tissue found inside some of the larger bones in the body. The marrow produces platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bone marrow biopsy"
A bone mineral density (BMD) test, also called a bone mass measurement, is used to measure bone density and determine fracture risk for osteoporosis. It may also be used to determine how effective an osteoporosis treatment is. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends BMD testing for the following individuals ** : ...more on Wikipedia about "Bone mineral density"
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a plasma protein, an acute phase protein produced by the liver. It is a member of the pentraxin family of proteins. It should not be confused with C-peptide or Protein C. ...more on Wikipedia about "C-reactive protein"
Capnography is the monitoring of the respiratory carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration as a time-concentration curve. It is a direct monitor of the inhaled and exhaled concentration of CO2, and an indirect monitor of the CO2 concentration in a patient's blood. During anaesthesia, there is interplay between two components: the patient and the anaesthesia administration device (which is usually a breathing circuit and a ventilator or respirator). The critical connection between the two components is either an endotracheal tube or a mask, and CO2 is typically monitored at this junction. Capnography directly reflects the elimination of CO2 by the lungs to the anaesthesia device. Indirectly, it reflects the production of CO2 by tissues and the circulatory transport of CO2 to the lungs. ...more on Wikipedia about "Capnography"
Cardiac catheterization (heart cath) is the insertion of a catheter into a chamber or vessel of the heart. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cardiac catheterization"
The cardiotocograph is more commonly known as Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM). A cardiotocograph measures the fetal heart rate and the frequency of uterine contractions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cardiotocograph"
Colonoscopy is the minimally invasive endoscopic examination of the large colon and the distal part of the small bowel with a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus. It may provide a visual diagnosis (e.g. ulceration, polyps) and grants the opportunity for biopsy of suspected lesions. Virtual colonoscopy, which uses 3D imagery reconstructed from computed tomography (CAT) scans, is also possible, as a totally non-invasive medical test, although it is not standard and still under investigation. Colonoscopy is similar but not the same as sigmoidoscopy. The difference between colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy is related to which parts of the colon each can examine. Sigmoidoscopy allows doctors to view only the final part of the colon, while colonoscopy allows a complete examination of the colon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Colonoscopy"
A colposcopy or colcoscopy is a diagnostic procedure in which a colposcope is utilized to examine an illuminated, magnified view of the cervix, vagina, and vulva. Many premalignant lesions and malignant lesions in these areas have discernible characteristics which can be detected with a thorough colposcopic examination. The enlarged view provided by the colposcope allows the colposcopist to visually distinguish normal from abnormal appearing tissue and take directed biopsies for further pathological examination. The prevention of cervical cancer through the early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions is the principal goal of colposcopy. ...more on Wikipedia about "Colposcopy"
A complete blood count (CBC) or full blood count (FBC) is a test requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patient's blood. A CBC is also known as a "hemogram". ...more on Wikipedia about "Complete blood count"
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