Medicinal herbs and fungi

The genus Aesculus comprises about 20-25 species of deciduous trees and shrubs native to the temperate northern hemisphere, with 7-10 species native to North America and 13-15 species native in Eurasia; there are also several natural hybrids. They have traditionally been treated in their own monogeneric family Hippocastanaceae, but genetic evidence shows that this family, along with the maples (formerly Aceraceae), are better included in the soapberry family ( Sapindaceae), as the differences between the three groups are small and of doubtful significance. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aesculus"

Altovis is a herbal drug that was marketed as a pharmaceutical drug in major television advertising campaigns in 2004 and 2005, targeted primarily at soccer moms who find themselves low on energy. Its main active ingredients are caffeine and ginseng. Altovis is made from green tea leaf extract (provides caffeine), cordycepts extract mycelium, Eleutherococcus ( ginseng), vocanga tree seeds, and octacosanol. It also contains the following other ingredients: Dicalcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, stearic acid, silica, magnesium stearate, and film coat (hypromellose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, titanium dioxide, FD&C yellow #6 lake, riboflavin, FD&C blue #2 lake). ...more on Wikipedia about "Altovis"

Angelica sinensis is a herb from the family Apiaceae, indigenous to China. Its root is commonly known in Chinese as dong quai or danggui ( ) and is widely used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat gynecological ailments, fatigue, mild anemia and high blood pressure. Dong quai has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and sedative effects. The plant's phytochemicals are comprised of coumarins, phytosterols, polysaccharides, ferulate, and flavonoids. ...more on Wikipedia about "Angelica sinensis"

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), also known as Indian ginseng, Winter cherry, Ajagandha, Kanaje Hindi and Samm Al Ferakh, is a plant in Solanaceae or nightshade family. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ashwagandha"

Astragalus is a large genus of about 2,000 species of herbs and small shrubs, belonging to the legume family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. The genus is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Common names include milk-vetch (most species) and goat's-thorn (A. gummifera, A. tragacanthus). ...more on Wikipedia about "Astragalus"

The cannabis plant can be dried or otherwise processed to yield products containing large concentrations of compounds that have psychoactive and medicinal effects when consumed, usually by smoking or eating. Cannabis has been used for medical and psychoactive effects for thousands of years. Throughout the 20th century there was a massive upswing in the use of cannabis as a psychoactive substance, mostly for recreational purposes but to some extent for religious purposes. The possession, use, or sale of psychoactive cannabis products became illegal in many parts of the world during the early 20th century, and remains that way today. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cannabis (drug)"

Cassia obtusifolia L. (syn. C. tora; also formerly known as Emelista tora) is a plant in the genus Cassia. It is also known as foetid cassia, sickle senna, Chinese senna, sicklepod, sickle-pod, sickle pod, coffee weed, coffeeweed, coffee pod, coffee-pod, java bean, java-bean, or arsenic weed. It grows wild in North, Central, and South America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, and is considered a particularly serious weed in many places. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cassia obtusifolia"

The castor oil plant (Ricinus communis) is a plant species of the Euphorbiaceae and the sole member of the genus Ricinus and of the subtribe Ricininae. It is the origin of the castor bean which, despite its name, is not a true bean. The name Ricinus is a Latin word for tick; the seed is so named because it has markings and a bump at the end which resemble certain ticks. It is the source of castor oil, which has a wide variety of uses, and ricin, a poison (the ricin from 1-2 seeds can kill an adult). ...more on Wikipedia about "Castor oil plant"

Cats claw refers both to Uncaria Tomentosa and to other herbs which do not have the desired effects, but have been used with potentially toxic results if consumed. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cats claw"

Chia (Salvia hispanica) is a plant of the genus Salvia of the mint family. Chia is grown commercially for its seed, which is a source of Omega 3 fatty acid. Chia originated in the central valley of Mexico; the scientific name hispanica, "of Spain", is due to Linnaeus having described the species from cultivated plants in Spain. The word "chia" comes from the Nahuatl chiah. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chia"

Cimicifuga racemosa (Black cohosh, Black bugbane or Black snakeroot; syn. Actaea racemosa) is a member of the family Ranunculaceae, native to eastern North America from the extreme south of Ontario south to central Georgia, and west to Missouri and Arkansas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cimicifuga racemosa"

Cinchona is a genus of about 40 species in the family Rubiaceae, native to tropical South America. They are large shrubs or small trees growing to 5-15 metres tall with evergreen foliage. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cinchona"

Coltsfoot or Tussilago farfara is a genus of the family Asteraceae. ...more on Wikipedia about "Coltsfoot"

The Common Rue (Ruta graveolens), also known as Herb-of-grace, is a species of rue grown as a herb. It is native to southern Europe. It is sometimes grown as an ornamental plant in gardens, especially because of its bluish leaves, and also sometimes for its tolerance of hot and dry soil conditions. It also is grown as both a medicinal herb and as a condiment. ...more on Wikipedia about "Common Rue"

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Cubeb (Piper cubeba), or tailed pepper, is a plant in genus Piper, cultivated for its fruit and essential oil. It is mostly grown in Java and Sumatra, hence sometimes called Java pepper. The fruits are gathered before they are ripe, and carefully dried. Commercial cubebs consist of the dried berries, similar in appearance to black pepper, but with stalks attached — the "tails" in "tailed pepper". The dried pericarp is grayish-brown, or black and wrinkled. The seed, when present, is hard, white and oily. The odor of cubebs is described as agreeable and aromatic. The taste, pungent, acrid, slightly bitter and persistent. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cubeb"

Damiana (Turnera diffusa, syn. Turnera aphrodisiaca) is a shrub native to Central and South America. It belongs to the family Turneraceae. ...more on Wikipedia about "Damiana"

Dandelion (Taraxacum) is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. They are tap-rooted biennial or perennial herbaceous plants, native to temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere and also temperate southern South America. The genus is taxonomically very complex, with numerous apomictic microspecies, and polyploidy is also common; over 250 species have been recorded in the British Isles alone (Richards 1972). Some botanists take a much broader viewpoint, and only accept a total of about 60 species. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dandelion"

Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus, Araliaceae) is a large-leaved spiny shrub native to the Pacific Northwest coastal forests of North America. Also known as Devil's Walking Stick, it grows to 1-1.5 m tall, with the erect stems covered in short, stout spines. The leaves are spirally arranged on the stems, simple, palmately lobed with 5-13 lobes, 20-40 cm across. The flowers are produced in dense umbels 10-20 cm diameter, each flower small, with five greenish-white petals. The fruit is a small red drupe 4-7 mm diameter. ...more on Wikipedia about "Devil's club"

Digitalis is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous biennials, perennials and shrubs that was traditionally placed in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae. Due to new genetic research, it has now been placed in the much enlarged family Plantaginaceae. ...more on Wikipedia about "Digitalis"

Echinacea is a genus of nine species of flowering plants in the Family Asteraceae, all native to eastern North America. These are herbaceous, drought-tolerant perennial plants growing to 1 or 2 m in height. The leaves are lanceolate to elliptic, 10-20 cm long and 1.5-10 cm broad. Like all Asteraceae, the flowers are a composite inflorescence, with purple (rarely yellow or white) florets arranged in a prominent, somewhat cone-shaped head; "cone-shaped" because the petals of the outer ray florets—once the flower head opens—tend to point downward (are decumbent), thus forming a cone. The species of Echinacea are: ...more on Wikipedia about "Echinacea"

Ergot is the common name of a fungus in the genus Claviceps. The fungus is parasitic on certain grains and grasses. The form the fungus takes to over-winter is called a sclerotium, and this small structure is what is usually referred to as 'ergot', although referring to the members of the Claviceps genus as 'ergot' is also correct. There are about 50 known species of Claviceps, most of them in the tropical regions. Economically important species are Claviceps purpurea (parasitic on grasses and cereals), C. fusiformis (on pearl millet, buffel grass), C. paspali (on dallis grass), and C. africana ** (on sorghum). C. purpurea can affect a number of cereals including rye (its most common host), triticale, wheat and barley. It affects oats only rarely. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ergot"

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Eucalyptus is a diverse genus of trees (rarely shrubs), the members of which dominate the tree flora of Australia. There are almost 600 species of Eucalyptus, mostly native to Australia, with a very small number found in adjacent parts of New Guinea and Indonesia. Eucalypts can be found in almost every part of the continent, adapted to all of Australia's climatic conditions; in fact, no other continent is so characterised by a single genus of tree as Australia is by eucalypts. Many, but far from all, are known as gum trees; other names for various species include mallee, box, ironbark, stringybark, and ash. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eucalyptus"

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) is a traditional medicinal herb which is found in many old gardens, and is also occasionally grown for ornament. It is also commonly seen in the literature by its synonyms, Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh. and Pyrethrum parthenium (L.) Sm. ...more on Wikipedia about "Feverfew"

Common flax (also known as linseed) is a member of the Linaceae family, which includes about 150 plant species widely distributed around the world. Some of them are grown in domestic flower beds, as flax is one of the few truly blue flowers. (Most "blue" flowers are really a shade of purple.) ...more on Wikipedia about "Flax"

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a perennial plant in the family Alliaceae and genus Allium, closely related to the onion, shallot, and leek. It does not grow in the wild, and is thought to have arisen in cultivation, probably descended from the species Allium longicuspis, which grows wild in south-western Asia.Saulnkhe and Kadam p. 397 Garlic has been used throughout all of recorded history for both culinary and medicinal purposes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Garlic"

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