Metal forming Metal forming A coin die is one of the two metallic pieces that are used to strike one side of a coin. A die contains an incuse version of the image to be struck on the coin. To imagine what the incuse version looks like, press a coin into clay or wax and look at the resulting inverted image. Modern dies made out of hardened steel are capable of producing many hundreds of thousands of coins before they are retired and defaced. ...more on Wikipedia about "Coin die"
Coining is a form of precision stamping. It differs from simple stamping in that enough pressure is used to cause plastic flow of the surface of the material. A beneficial feature is that in some materials, such as phosphor bronze, the plastic flow breaks up the surface crystals, work hardening the surface, while the material deeper in the part retains its strength, toughness, ductility and flexibility. ...more on Wikipedia about "Coining (machining)"
Cold rolling is a metallurgical process in which the metal is passed through a pair of rolls and the temperature of the metal is below its recrystallization temperature. This hardens the metal as the crystals are being stretched out. After a few times rolling the metal should be annealed by heating it above the recrystallization temperature. This should be done regularly as otherwise the metal sheet cracks due to brittleness. Most non ferrous metals are rolled cold to make sheet. However, steel is usually rolled hot unless it is thin sheet or special bars such as for machine shafts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cold rolling"
A die is a tool used in the manufacture of parts by the molding, forging, swaging or stamping processes. They are typically manufactured by mold or tool makers. It is also often used with a movable part called a tool, and both are often created by a specialized machinist craftsperson called a "Tool and Die Maker". The term die is also applied to a device for cutting male threads and a part of a device for creating wire. ...more on Wikipedia about "Die (manufacturing)"
Drawing is a manufacturing process for producing a wire, bar or tube by pulling on a material until it increases in length. This is typically accompanied by a thinning out of the material, usually through a reduction in the girth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Drawing (manufacturing)"
Electromagnetic forming (EM forming) is a high energy rate metal forming process that uses ultrastrong pulsed magnetic fields to reshape metal parts rapidly. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electromagnetic forming"
A Flypress is a metalworking machine tool used to shape metal somewhat like a blacksmith. It is frequently used to punch holes in sheet metal in one operation, rather than by cutting the hole or drilling, etc. The machine is manually operated - powered presses are also used but are not usually called flypresses. ...more on Wikipedia about "Flypress"
Hot rolling is a metallurgical process in which the metal is passed through a pair of rolls and the temperature of the metal is above its recrystallization temperature, as opposed to cold rolling, which takes place below it. This permits large deformations to be achieved with a low number of rolling cycles. Because the metal is worked before crystal structures have formed, this process does not itself affect its microstructural properties. Hot rolling is mainly used to produce sheet metal, or simple cross sections from billets. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hot rolling"
The hydraulic press is a class of machine tool that was important in making possible the Industrial Revolution. Forming of sheet materials had previous required the material to be formed by hammering and shaping by hand with chisel and mallet. There had been previous press technology (such as the Screw press), but these had significant limitations — the biggest being the obtainable press-pressure. Modern hydraulic presses are capable of pressure at the head of 2,000 tons, and can cold form metal. Anther application of hydraulic presses is the compositing of material in the brick and concrete industry, allowing the creation of complex shapes, and production-line manufacturing. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hydraulic press"
Hydroforming is a cost-effective way of shaping malleable metals such as aluminum into lightweight, structurally stiff and strong pieces. This technique is particularly popular with the high-end sports car industry. To hydroform aluminum into a vehicle's frame rail, a hollow tube of aluminum is placed inside a negative mold that is shaped how the end result should look. High pressure hydraulic pistons then pressurize the inside of the aluminum to thousands of PSI which causes it to expand until it matches the mold. The hydroformed aluminum is then removed from the negative mold and used in the application. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hydroforming"
A press, or a machine press is a tool used to work metal (typically steel) by changing its shape and internal structure. ...more on Wikipedia about "Machine press"
Progressive stamping is a metalworking method that can encompass punching, coining, bending and several other ways of modifying metal raw material, combined with an automatic feeding system. ...more on Wikipedia about "Progressive stamping"
A progressive stamping die ("die") is a metalworking device that is designed and built to convert a strip of metal raw material into parts that to conform blueprint specifications. ...more on Wikipedia about "Progressive stamping die"
A punch press is a type of machine press used for forming and cutting material. ...more on Wikipedia about "Punch press"
Punching in metal fabrication is the process of using a machine to press a shape through a sheet of metal and into a die to create that shape in the metal. This is most commonly done by use of a turret, a computer numerical controlled machine that houses tools and their corresponding dies in a revolving indexed turret. These machines use either hydraulic, pneumatic, or electrical power to press the shape with enough force to cut the metal. ...more on Wikipedia about "Punching"
Rolling is a combination of rotation of a more or less cylindrically or spherically symmetric object, and translation of that object with respect to a surface (either one or the other moves), such that the two are in contact with each other without sliding. This is achieved by a rotational speed at the cylinder or circle of contact which is equal to the translational speed. Rolling of a round object typically requires less energy than sliding, therefore such an object will more easily move, if it experiences a force with a component along the surface e.g. gravity on a tilted surface, wind, pushing, pulling, an engine, etc. Objects with corners, e.g. dice, roll by successive rotations about the edge or corner which is in contact with the surface. ...more on Wikipedia about "Rolling"
Rolling is a fabricating process in which the metal, plastic, paper, glass, etc. is passed through a pair of rolls. There are two types of rolling process, flat and profile rolling. In flat rolling the final shape of the product is either classed as sheet (typically thickness less than 3 mm) or plate (typically thickness more than 3 mm). In profile rolling, the final product may be a round rod or other shaped bar such as a structural section (beam, channel, joist etc). Rolling is also classified according to the temperature of the metal rolled. If the temperature of the metal is above its recrystallization temperature then the process is termed as hot rolling, If the temperature of metal is below its recrystallization temperature the process is termed as cold rolling. ...more on Wikipedia about "Rolling (metalworking)"
A stamping press ("press") is a manufacturing device that is designed and built to operate progressive stamping dies and other types of dies. ...more on Wikipedia about "Stamping press"
Swaging is a metal forming technique in which the metal is plastically deformed to its final shape using high pressures. Swaging differs from forging in that the metal is cold worked. The term swage can apply to the process of swaging, a die used for swaging, or a tool used to swage. ...more on Wikipedia about "Swage"
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