Metallurgy

Acierage is the coating of a copper plate with steel by voltaic electricity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acierage"

An amorphous metal is a metallic material with a disordered atomic-scale structure. In contrast to most metals, which are crystalline and therefore have a highly ordered arrangement of atoms, amorphous alloys are non-crystalline. Materials in which such a disordered structure is produced directly from the liquid state during cooling are called " glasses", and so amorphous metals are commonly referred to as "metallic glasses" or "glassy metals". However, there are several other ways in which amorphous metals can be produced, including physical vapor deposition, solid-state reaction, ion irradiation, and mechanical alloying . Amorphous metals produced by these techniques are, strictly speaking, not glasses, but materials scientists commonly consider amorphous alloys to be a single class of materials, regardless of how they are prepared. ...more on Wikipedia about "Amorphous metal"

An ancony, in iron forging, is a piece of malleable iron, wrought into the shape of a flat bar, about three feet long, with a square rough knob, unwrought, on each end. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ancony"

Annealing, in metallurgy and materials science, is a heat treatment wherein the microstructure of a material is altered, causing changes in its properties such as strength and hardness. Typically, this results in softening of the metal through removal of crystal defects and the internal stresses which they cause. In the semiconductor industry, silicon wafers are annealed, so that dopant atoms, usually boron, phosphorus or arsenic, can be incorporated into substitutional positions in the crystal lattice, resulting in drastic changes in the electrical properties of the semiconducting material. ...more on Wikipedia about "Annealing (metallurgy)"

(Anodising) Anodising, or anodizing, is a process used to protect aluminum from abrasion and corrosion and to allow it to be dyed in a wide range of colors. The process derives its name from the fact that the part to be treated forms the anode portion of an electrical circuit in this electrolytic process. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anodising"

Asbestos-Ceramic (ca 3900-1800 BP) refers to types of pottery manufactured with asbestos and clay with adiabatic behaviour in Finland, Karelia and Northern-Scandinavia. A further vessel-type does not contain any asbestos, but it has insulating properties and is therefore sometimes included under asbestos-ceramic. ...more on Wikipedia about "Asbestos-Ceramic"

Austenite is a metallic, non-magnetic solid solution of carbon and iron that exists in steel above the critical temperature of 1333°F (about 723°C). It is named after Sir W.C. Roberts-Austen. Its face-centred cubic (FCC) structure allows it to hold a high proportion of carbon in solution. ...more on Wikipedia about "Austenite"

Autofrettage is a metal fabrication technique in which the stock is momentarily subjected to enormous pressure. Also known as strain hardening, the goal of autofrettage is to increase the durability of the final product. The technique is commonly used in the manufacture of high pressure pump cylinders, battleship cannon barrels and fuel injection systems for diesel engines. ...more on Wikipedia about "Autofrettage"

Bainite is a mostly metallic substance that exists in steel after certain heat treatments. First described by Davenport E. S. and Edgar Bain, it forms when austenite (a solution of carbon in iron) is rapidly cooled past a critical temperature of 1333°F (about 723°C). ...more on Wikipedia about "Bainite"

Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS, Linz-Donawitz-Verfahren, LD-converter) is a method of converting molten iron to steel. The process is an improvement over the historically important Bessemer process. The LD-converter is named after the Austrian placenames Linz and Donawitz (a district of Leoben). ...more on Wikipedia about "Basic oxygen steelmaking"

Bog iron refers to impure iron deposits that develop in bogs or swamps by the chemical or biochemical oxidation of iron carried in the solutions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bog iron"

Calcium silicate, otherwise known as slag, has a low bulk density and high physical water absorption. It is used as an anti-caking agent and an antacid. A white free-flowing powder derived from limestone and diatomaceous earth. Calcium silicate has no known adverse effects to health. It is used in roads, insulation and roof tiles. ...more on Wikipedia about "Calcium silicate"

Carbon in Pulp (CIP) is a technique for recovery of gold which has been liberated into a cyanide solution as part of the gold cyanidation process, a gold extraction technique. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carbon in pulp"

Carbonitriding is a modification of gas carburizing, as opposed to a form of nitriding. This modification describes the addition of ammonia molecules into the gas carburizing atmosphere, and will therefore add nitrogen to the carburized case. Atomic Nitrogen is formed at the surface which thereafter diffuses into the steel with the carbon. Carbonitriding is carried out at lower temperatures and for shorter times than carburizing, which not only is more economical, but also reduces distortion during quenching. The lower temperature allows oil quenching, or even gas quenching with a protective atmosphere. The carbonitriding also allows the use of low carbon steels, which are more economical and easier to machine. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carbonitriding"

Carburization (often referred to as carburizing) is the name of the process by which carbon is introduced into a metal. The carbon diffused into the surface is intended to make the surface harder and more abrasion resistant. Since too great a concentration of carbon makes metal brittle and unworkable, metals are also often decarburized. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carburization"

The Castner process is a process for manufacturing sodium metal. This process uses electrolysis of molten sodium hydroxide at approximately 330°C. Below that temperature the molt would solidify, above the metal would start to dissolve in the molt. ...more on Wikipedia about "Castner Process"

Cold rolling is a metallurgical process in which the metal is passed through a pair of rolls and the temperature of the metal is below its recrystallization temperature. This hardens the metal as the crystals are being stretched out. After a few times rolling the metal should be annealed by heating it above the recrystallization temperature. This should be done regularly as otherwise the metal sheet cracks due to brittleness. Most non ferrous metals are rolled cold to make sheet. However, steel is usually rolled hot unless it is thin sheet or special bars such as for machine shafts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cold rolling"

Comminution is a group of mineral processing techniques used in extractive metallurgy to manipulate the particle sizes of rocks. ...more on Wikipedia about "Comminution"

The focus of this article is on the process of copper extraction from chalcopyrite ore into pure metal. Processes for other minerals are mentioned. ...more on Wikipedia about "Copper extraction"

Critical resolved shear stress is the component of shear stress, resolved in the direction of slip, necessary to initiate slip in a grain. It is a constant for a given metal. ...more on Wikipedia about "Critical resolved shear stress"

Cryogenic hardening is a heat treatment in which the material is cooled to cryogenic temperatures, usually using liquid nitrogen. It can have a profound effect on the mechanical properties of certain steels, provided their composition and prior heat treatment are such that they retain some austenite at room temperature. It is designed to increase the amount of martensite in the steel's crystal structure, increasing its strength and hardness, sometimes at the cost of toughness. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cryogenic hardening"

De la Pirotechnia is considered to be the first book on metallurgy to be published in Europe. It was published, in Italian, in 1540. ...more on Wikipedia about "De la pirotechnia"

Decarburization is the process opposite to carburization, namely aimed at decreasing the content of carbon in metals (usually steel). ...more on Wikipedia about "Decarburization"

A dendrite in metallurgy is a characteristic tree-like structure of crystals growing as molten metal freezes, the shape produced by faster growth along energetically favourable crystallographic directions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dendrite (metal)"

Depleted uranium (DU) is uranium which contains a reduced proportion of the fissile isotope U-235. It is a byproduct of the enriching of natural uranium for use in nuclear reactors. DU is what is left over when most of the more radioactive isotopes of uranium are removed. ...more on Wikipedia about "Depleted uranium"

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