Military Communication of Feudal Japan Military Communication of Feudal Japan (Hata-jirushi) were the most common of war banners used on the medieval Japanese battlefield. The term could be translated to literally mean symbol flag, marker banner or the like. Unlike the later nobori, which were stiffened, these banners were simple streamers attached to a shaft by a horizontal cross-piece. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hata-jirushi"
(Horagai) The conch shell, blown as a trumpet, served a number of purposes in Japanese history. It is called , , or a number of other names in Japanese depending on its function. ...more on Wikipedia about "Horagai"
(Horo) 'Horō' were stiffened cloaks worn by messengers (tsukai) and bodyguards (yojimbo) on the battlefields of feudal Japan. Their primary purpose was to improve the visibility of the wearer on the battlefield, but they also served as arrow-catchers. According to some accounts, the horō was invented by Hatakeyama Masanaga in the period of the Ōnin Wars; however, there is evidence of its use as far back as the Genpei War, almost 300 years earlier. ...more on Wikipedia about "Horo"
A number of war fans were used in Japanese feudal warfare, of varying size and material, for different purposes. One of the most significant, and perhaps most interesting, uses was as a signalling device. Signalling fans came in three varieties: a tasseled pom-pom, a solid iron fan, or a wood and paper one, very similar to the fans used today by sumo referees. The commander would raise or lower his fan and point in different ways to issue commands to the soldiers, which would then be passed on by other forms of visible and audible signalling. ...more on Wikipedia about "Japanese war fan"
Since the beginnings of what we would today recognize as Japanese culture, and probably earlier, various symbols, crests, banners, or markings on armor were used to help identify and distinguish warriors on the battlefield. The mon, or symbol, of a clan or a daimyo was particularly common, identifying which side a warrior fought on; some samurai used their own names or mon rather than that of their lord, while other factions, such as the Ikko-ikki, could be identified by banners declaring namu amida butsu, praising the name of the Amida Buddha. ...more on Wikipedia about "Military Communication of Feudal Japan"
, literally meaning 'banner', had a more specific meaning on the battlefields of feudal Japan. It referred to a particular type of banner denoting units within an army; nobori became much more common in the Sengoku period, coming into use alongside the earlier hata-jirushi. They were long, narrow flags, attached to a pole with a cross-rod to hold the fabric straight out and prevent it from furling around the rod; this way, the flag would always remain visible and identifiable. ...more on Wikipedia about "Nobori"
Sashimono (指物, 差物, 挿物) were small banners worn by Japanese medieval soldiers for identification during battles. The sashimono are usually fitted to the backs of common soldiers, known as ashigaru, to elite samurai, and in special holders on the horses of some cavalry soldiers. The banners, resembling small flags and bearing clan symbols, were most prominent during the Sengoku period—a period of long civil war in Japan from the middle 15th to early 17th century. ...more on Wikipedia about "Sashimono"
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The word taiko (太鼓) means simply "great drum" in Japanese. Outside Japan, the word is often used to refer to any of the various Japanese drums (和太鼓, 'wa-daiko', "Japanese drum", in Japanese) and to the relatively recent art-form of ensemble taiko drumming (sometimes called more specifically, "kumi-daiko" (組太鼓). ...more on Wikipedia about "Taiko"
(Uma-jirushi) were massive flags used in feudal Japan to identify a daimyo or equally important military commander on the field of battle. They came into prominence during the Sengoku period. While many were simply large flags, not very different from sashimono or hata-jirushi, most were three-dimensional figures, more like kites, and in the shape of bells, gongs, umbrellas, or streamers. ...more on Wikipedia about "Uma-jirushi"
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