Modernism Modernism The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar. Common usage sometimes regards it as lasting from 1900 to 1999. The 20th century is also sometimes known as the nineteen hundreds ( 1900s). ...more on Wikipedia about "20th century"
Aaron Copland ( November 14 1900 – December 2 1990) was an American composer of concert and film music. Instrumental in forging a uniquely American style of composition, he was widely known as "the dean of American composers." Copland's music achieved a difficult balance between modern music and American folk styles, and the open, slowly changing harmonies of many of his works are said to evoke the vast American landscape. He incorporated percussive orchestration, changing meter, polyrhythms, polychords and tone rows. Outside of composing, Copland often served as a teacher and lecturer. During his career he also wrote books and articles, and served as a conductor, most frequently for his own works. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aaron Copland"
(Antimodernism) As such there is no movement labelled anti-modernism, instead it is a catch all term for different critiques of the modern era, modernism, modernist works, or some combination of the above. ...more on Wikipedia about "Antimodernism"
Anton Webern ( December 3, 1883 – September 15, 1945) was an Austrian composer. He was a member of the so called Second Viennese School. As a student and significant follower of Arnold Schoenberg, he became one of the best-known exponents of the Twelve-tone technique; in addition, his innovations regarding schematic organization of pitch, rhythm and dynamics were formative in the musical style later known as serialism. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anton Webern"
Arnold Newman (b. 3 March 1918) is an American photographer best known for his portraits of famous politicians and artists. He was born in New York City and studied painting and drawing. He attended the University of Miami where one of his teachers pointed him in the direction of Modernism. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arnold Newman"
Arnold Franz Walter Schoenberg, (the anglicized form of Schönberg—Schoenberg changed the spelling officially when he became a U.S. citizen) ( September 13, 1874 – July 13, 1951) was an Austrian- American composer. He is particularly remembered as one of the first composers to embrace atonal motivic development, and for his twelve tone technique of composition using tone rows. He was also an important music theorist and an influential teacher of composition. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arnold Schoenberg"
Atonality describes music that does not conform to the system of tonal hierarchies, which characterizes the sound of classical European music between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Not only does it not conform to the common practice of this particular period, but it is noticeably divorced from the acoustical underpinnings of music going back as far as the scale systems of ancient Greece. This separation of traditional meaning to be found in melodic motifs throughout history, have left purely atonal music generally bereft of common emotional and spiritual meaning. With exception of a very gifted few, it is generally the purpose of the atonalist that his listener experience sound, rather than what could rightly be called music. Atonality usually describes compositions written from about 1923 to the present day, where the hierarchy of tonal centers, in some cases, may not be used as the primary way to organize a work. Tonal centers gradually replaced modal organization starting in the 1500s and culminated with the establishment of the major-minor key system in the late 1600s and early 1700s. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atonality"
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Avant-garde in French means front guard, advance guard, or vanguard. People often use the term to refer to people or works that are novel or experimental, particularly with respect to art, culture and politics. ...more on Wikipedia about "Avant-garde"
Béla Viktor János Bartók ( March 25, 1881 – September 26, 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist and collector of Eastern European and Middle Eastern folk music. Bartók is usually considered one of the greatest composers of the 20th century. He was one of the founders of the field of ethnomusicology, the study of folk music and the music of non-Western cultures. ...more on Wikipedia about "Béla Bartók"
Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten of Aldeburgh, OM ( November 22, 1913 – December 4, 1976) was a British composer, conductor and pianist. ...more on Wikipedia about "Benjamin Britten"
Cubism was probably the most important and influential art movement since the Italian Renaissance; it was an avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture in the early 20th century. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cubism"
Dada or Dadaism is a cultural movement that began in neutral Zürich, Switzerland during World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1920. The movement primarily involved visual arts, literature (mainly poetry), theatre, and graphic design, and was characterized by nihilism, deliberate irrationality, disillusionment, cynicism, chance, randomness, and the rejection of the prevailing standards in art. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dada"
Daniil Kharms ( ; 30 December, 1905 (17 December Old Style) - 2 February, 1942) was an early Soviet-era satirist who used a surrealist or absurdist style. ...more on Wikipedia about "Daniil Kharms"
Darius Milhaud ( September 4, 1892 – June 22, 1974) was a French- Jewish composer and teacher. He was a member of Les Six and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. ...more on Wikipedia about "Darius Milhaud"
Dmitri Dmitrievich Shostakovich ( Russian: , Dmitrij Dmitrievič Šostakovič) ( ) – August 9, 1975) was a Russian composer of the Soviet period. He had a troubled relationship with the government, which included two official denunciations of his music in 1936 and 1948; in public however he remained loyal, joining the party in 1960 and serving in the Supreme Soviet. Since his death, his response to life in the Soviet Union has been the subject of political and musical controversy, with debate over the extent to which he may have been a secret dissident. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dmitri Shostakovich"
Elliott Cook Carter, Jr. (born December 11, 1908) is an American composer of classical music. ...more on Wikipedia about "Elliott Carter"
Existentialism is a philosophical movement that views human existence as having a set of underlying themes and characteristics, such as anxiety, dread, freedom, awareness of death, and consciousness of existing, that are primary. That is, they cannot be reduced to or be explained by a natural-scientific approach or any approach that attempts to detach itself from or rise above these themes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Existentialism"
Ezra Weston Loomis Pound ( October 30 1885 – November 1 1972) was an American expatriate, poet, musician and critic who, along with T. S. Eliot, was a major figure of the modernist movement in early 20th century poetry. He was the driving force behind several modernist movements, notably Imagism and Vorticism. The critic Hugh Kenner said on meeting Pound: "I suddenly knew that I was in the presence of the center of modernism." ...more on Wikipedia about "Ezra Pound"
Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc ( January 7, 1899 - January 30, 1963) was a French composer. ...more on Wikipedia about "Francis Poulenc"
Geometric abstract art is a form of abstract art based on the use of simple geometric forms placed in nonillusionistic space and combined into nonobjective compositions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geometric abstract art"
Georg Morris Cohen Brandes ( February 4, 1842 - February 19, 1927) was a Danish critic and scholar who had great influence on Scandinavian literature from the 1870s through the turn of the 20th century. Normally he is seen as the theorist behind "the Modern Break-through" of Scandinavian culture. At the age of 30, Brandes formulated the principles of a new realism and naturalism, condemning hyper-aesthetic writing and fantasy in literature. According to Brandes, literature should be an organ "of the great thoughts of liberty and the progress of humanity." His literary goals were shared by many authors, among them the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen. ...more on Wikipedia about "Georg Brandes"
George Gershwin ( September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an American composer. He was born Jacob Gershowitz in Brooklyn, New York to Russian Jewish immigrant parents, the second of four children. George wrote most of his works together with his elder brother lyricist Ira Gershwin. Gershwin composed both for Broadway and for the classical concert hall. He also wrote popular songs with success. ...more on Wikipedia about "George Gershwin"
Harry Partch ( June 24, 1901 – September 3, 1974) was an American composer. He was one of the first composers to work with microtonal scales, writing much of his music for instruments he built himself, tuned in 11- limit just intonation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Harry Partch"
High modernism is a particular instance of modernism, coined towards the end of modernism. The term is used in literature, criticism, music and the visual arts, and is closely associated with anthropologist and political scientist James C. Scott. ...more on Wikipedia about "High modernism"
Hugh MacDiarmid was the pen name of Christopher Murray Grieve ( August 11, 1892 - September 9, 1978, perhaps the most important Scottish poet of the 20th century. He was instrumental in creating a truly Scottish version of modernism and was, perhaps, the leading light in the Scottish literary Renaissance of the 20th century. Unusually for a first generation modernist, he was a communist. Unusually for a communist, he was a committed Scottish nationalist. He wrote both in English and in literary Scots ( Lallans). ...more on Wikipedia about "Hugh MacDiarmid"
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