Musical techniques Musical techniques Aleatoric music (or aleatory) is music in which some element of the composition is left to chance or some primary element of a composed work's realization is left to the determination of its performer(s). The term became known to European composers through lectures by acoustician Werner Meyer-Eppler at Darmstadt Summer School in the beginning of the fifties. According to his definition, "aleatoric processes are such processes which have been fixed in their outline but the details of which are left to chance". ...more on Wikipedia about "Aleatoric music"
Algorithmic composition is the technique of using algorithms to create music. ...more on Wikipedia about "Algorithmic composition"
Altissimo is a technique utilized on woodwind instruments such as the saxophone and clarinet wherein the musician blows overtones that are generally above the normal range of the instrument. ...more on Wikipedia about "Altissimo"
An antiphon is a response, usually sung in Gregorian chant, to a psalm or some other part of a religious service, such as at Vespers or at a Mass. This meaning gave rise to the antiphony style of singing, see call and response. ...more on Wikipedia about "Antiphon"
To produce an artificial harmonic, a string player (such as a guitarist) holds down a note on the neck with their left hand, thereby shortening the vibrational length of the string, and uses their right hand to lightly touch a point on the string that is an integer divisor of its vibrational length, and also pluck the side of the string that is closer to the bridge. This technique is used to produce harmonic tones that are otherwise inaccessible on the instrument. To guitar players, one variety of this technique is known as a pinch harmonic. ...more on Wikipedia about "Artificial harmonic"
Atonality describes music that does not conform to the system of tonal hierarchies, which characterizes the sound of classical European music between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Not only does it not conform to the common practice of this particular period, but it is noticeably divorced from the acoustical underpinnings of music going back as far as the scale systems of ancient Greece. This separation of traditional meaning to be found in melodic motifs throughout history, have left purely atonal music generally bereft of common emotional and spiritual meaning. With exception of a very gifted few, it is generally the purpose of the atonalist that his listener experience sound, rather than what could rightly be called music. Atonality usually describes compositions written from about 1923 to the present day, where the hierarchy of tonal centers, in some cases, may not be used as the primary way to organize a work. Tonal centers gradually replaced modal organization starting in the 1500s and culminated with the establishment of the major-minor key system in the late 1600s and early 1700s. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atonality"
In jazz music theory, the cadential chord progression from iv7 to I, or flat-VII7 to I has been nicknamed the Backdoor Progression. This name derives from an assumption that the normal progression to the tonic (V7 to I, or the perfect authentic cadence) is, by inference, the front door. It can found in popular jazz standards in such places as measures 9 and 11 of "My Romance" or measures 10 and 28 of "There Will Never Be Another You", as well as Beatles songs like In My Life and "If I Fell". It can be considered a minor plagal cadence in traditional theory. ...more on Wikipedia about "Backdoor Progression"
Backward echo is an analog recording technique made famous by Jimmy Page as producer of Led Zeppelin. The lead guitar sound on the breakdown section of "You Shook Me" (from the first Led Zeppelin album) is a good example. ...more on Wikipedia about "Backward echo"
A bassline is a series of notes with tones that are low in pitch, roughly at least an octave and a half below middle C. Although in principle any bass part in any kind of music can be referred to as a 'bassline', typically the term refers to a repeated melody characteristic of most forms of pop, rock and dance music. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bassline"
The Bell Effect, also known colloquially as "bells", is a technique used in musical arrangement where single notes of a chord are played in sequence by different instruments which sustain their individual notes to allow the chord to be heard. It is, in effect, an arpeggio played by several instruments sequentially. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bell effect"
Boogie is swing blues rhythm (Burrows 1995, p.42) or technique originally played on the piano in boogie-woogie music and adapted to guitar. As such it is often used in rock and roll and country musics. ...more on Wikipedia about "Boogie"
:This article is about a break as a section of a musical work and break beats. For the genre, see breakbeat. For the concept of a break in a rank of pipes in a pipe organ, see break (pipe organ). ...more on Wikipedia about "Break (music)"
In Western musical theory a cadence (Latin cadentia, "a falling") is a particular series of intervals or chords that ends a phrase, section, or piece of music. Cadences give phrases a distinctive ending, that can, for example, indicate to the listener whether the piece is to be continued or concluded. An analogy can be made with punctuation, with some weaker cadences acting as commas, indicating a pause or momentary rest, while a stronger cadence will then act as the period, indicating the end of the phrase or musical sentence. Cadences are called "weak" or "strong" the more or less final the sensation they create, with the perfect authentic cadence being the strongest type. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cadence (music)"
In music, a call and response is a succession of two distinct phrases usually played by different musicians, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or response to the first. It corresponds to the call-and-response pattern in human communication and is found in many traditions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Call and response (music)"
In music, a cantus firmus is a pre-existing melody forming the basis of a polyphonic composition, often set apart by being played in long notes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cantus firmus"
In music and music theory, chord multiplication is a process whereby new pitch sets are generated by overlaying and transposing the pitch classes of one chord onto the pitch classes of another. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chord multiplication"
A chord progression (also chord sequence and harmonic progression or sequence), as its name implies, is a series of chords played in an order. Part and parcel of this action is the idea that the chords relate to each other in some way, whether closely or distantly, and as a whole become an entity in themselves. Chord progressions are central to most modern European-influenced music and create cyclic or sectional musical forms. Compare to a simultaneity succession. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chord progression"
A chord substitution is the use of one chord in the place of another in a chord progression. Substituted chords must have some quality in common with the original chords, such as in a tritone substitution. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chord substitution"
Circuit bending is the creative short-circuiting of electronic devices such as guitar effects, children's toys and synthesizers to create new musical instruments and sound generators. Although similar methods were undoubtedly used by other musicians and engineers previously, this method of music creation is said to be pioneered by Reed Ghazala in the 1960s. He does not claim to be the inventor of the concept, but to have originated the term "circuit bending". Indeed, Mark Vail's book "Vintage Synthesizers" has a section in which Serge Tcherepnin, designer of the famous Serge Modular synthesizers, discusses his early experiments in the 1950's with transistor radios, in which he found sensitive circuit points in those simple electronic devices and brought them out to "body contacts" on the plastic chassis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Circuit bending"
Compression is a subtle effect primarily for electric guitar where the highest and lowest points of the sound wave are "limited". This boosts the volume of softer picked notes, while capping the louder ones, giving a more even level of volume. This is frequently used in country music, where fast clean passages can sound uneven unless artificially "squashed". ...more on Wikipedia about "Compression (electric guitar)"
Computer music is music generated with, or composed with the aid of computers. It also refers to a field of study that examines both the theory and application of new and existing technologies in the areas of music, sound design and diffusion, acoustics, sound synthesis, digital signal processing, and psychoacoustics. The field of computer music can trace its roots back to the origin of electronic music, and the very first experiments and innovations with electronic instruments at the turn of the 20th century. ...more on Wikipedia about "Computer music"
Concertato (sometimes called "stile concertato") is a term in early Baroque music referring to either a genre or a style of music in which groups of instruments or voices share a melody, usually in alternation, and almost always over a basso continuo. The term derives from Italian concerto which means "playing together" —hence concertato means "in the style of a concerto." In contemporary usage, the term is almost always used as an adjective, for example "three pieces from the set are in concertato style." ...more on Wikipedia about "Concertato"
In music, a consonance (Latin consonare, "sounding together") is a harmony, chord, or interval considered stable, as opposed to a dissonance, which is considered unstable. The strictest definition of consonance may be only those sounds which are pleasant, while the most general definition includes any sounds which are used freely. ...more on Wikipedia about "Consonance and dissonance"
Coro-pregón (or coro-guía, coro-inspiración) in Afro-Cuban music and Cuban-based latin music (mainly from the USA and Puerto Rico), most of all salsa, but also in some non-Cuban genres like merengue, refers to a call and response section between the lead singer and the coro (chorus). It is found in most Cuban genres, for example son and son montuno, rumba, cha-cha-chá, timba, and many more. ...more on Wikipedia about "Coro-pregón"
Delay is a time based electric guitar effect which gives an echo when playing. It is different from reverb, which simulates the sound of a room. Basic delay controls consist of effect level, feedback, and delay time. Delay can also be used for various Midi keyboards and many other kinds of instruments. ...more on Wikipedia about "Delay (electric guitar)"
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