Mycology

Aflatoxins are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by many species of Aspergillus, a fungus, most notably Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic to animals, including humans. After entering the body, aflatoxins are metabolized by the liver to an intermediate reactive, aflatoxin M₁, an epoxide. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aflatoxin"

In drawing, anamorphosis refers to the representation of an object as seen, for instance, altered by reflection in a mirror. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anamorphosis"

Ant-fungus mutualism is a verifiable symbiosis seen in certain ant and fungal species, where ants actively cultivate fungus much like humans farm crops as a food source. Interestingly, both ant and fungus are completely dependent on each other for survival. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ant-fungus mutualism"

An appressorium is a bulbous formation produced by fungi as a site of nutrient uptake from their hosts. Fungi that exhibit appressorial formation include the necrotroph Pyrenophora teres. ...more on Wikipedia about "Appressorium"

An Arbuscular mycorrhiza (plural mycorrhizae or mycorrhizas) is a type of mycorrhiza in which the fungus penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant. Arbuscular mycorrhizae are characterized by the formation of unique structures such as vesicles and arbuscules by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF or AM fungus). AMF help plants to capture nutrients such as phosphorus and micronutrients from the soil. It is believed they had a crucial role to play when plants moved from sea to land millions of years ago. AM fungi belong to division Glomeromycota. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arbuscular mycorrhiza"

Arthroconidia are a type of fungal spore typically produced by segmentation of pre-existing fungal hyphae. These spores are asexual and are generally not as durable and environmentally persistent as, for instance, bacterial endospores. Some medically significant pathogens, such as Coccidioides immitis, and Coccidioides posadasii, both causative agents of Coccidioidomycosis (also known as Valley fever), are transmitted through airborne arthroconidia. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arthroconidia"

An ascocarp is the fruiting body of some ascomycete fungi, containing millions of asci, each of which contains typically eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped, but may take on a number of other designs. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ascocarp"

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An ascus (plural asci) is the spore-bearing container produced in the ascocarps of ascomycete fungi. Each ascus contains eight ascospores, produced by a meiotic cell division followed by a mitotic cell division. Asci release their spores by bursting. When one ascus bursts, it triggers the bursting of all the other asci in the ascocarp. This is an example of positive feedback. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ascus"

(Basiodiocarp) A Basidiocarp is a mushroom of Fungi division Basidiomycota. Specifically, the basidiocarp is the visible part of the organism, typically protruding above the ground or other substrate. Its two major parts are the stipe (stalk) and the pileus (cap). The basidiocarp is the fruiting (reproductive) body of the mushroom in which spores ( Basidiospores ) are produced and distributed. ...more on Wikipedia about "Basiodiocarp"

(Basiodiospore) A Basidiospore is a spore produced by mushrooms of Fungi division Basidiomycota. ...more on Wikipedia about "Basiodiospore"

Blight is any of a number of diseases affecting many species of plants. Common symptoms of infection include wilting of the leaves, or the appearances of brownish spots, or lesions, on leaves or stems. Causes of blight include fungal (e.g. Botrytis), bacterial (e.g. Erwinia), or viral infection. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blight"

Conidiation is a biological process in which filamentous fungi asexually form spores. ...more on Wikipedia about "Conidiation"

Dikaryon is from Greek, di meaning 2 and karyon meaning nut, refering to the cell nucleus. It is a nuclear feature which is unique to the phylum Dikaryomycota, in which the two compatible nuclei of two cells pair off and cohabit without copulating; this attribute of the nucleus to do such is only found in to ascogenous hyphae in ascomycetes; but is the dominant phase in basidiomycetes; the paired nuclei always divide synchronously. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dikaryon"

In its strictest sense, fermentation (formerly called zymosis) is the anaerobic metabolic breakdown of a nutrient molecule, such as glucose, without net oxidation. Fermentation does not release all the available energy in a molecule; it merely allows glycolysis (a process that yields two ATP per glucose) to continue by replenishing reduced coenzymes. Fermentation yields lactate, acetic acid, ethanol, or other reduced metabolites. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fermentation"

:Foxfire refers to a bioluminescence phenomenon. The similar word Firefox is unrelated. ...more on Wikipedia about "Foxfire (bioluminescence)"

In fungi, the fruiting body (also known as sporocarp) is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruiting body is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cycle, with the rest of the life cycle being characterized by vegetative mycelial growth. Fruiting bodies that are visible to the naked eye, especially fruiting bodies a more or less agaricoid morphology, are often referred to as mushrooms. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fruiting body"

Fungicides are chemical compounds used to prevent the spread of fungi in gardens and crops, which can cause serious damage to the plants. One example is the QoI. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fungicide"

A fungus (plural fungi) is a eukaryotic organism that digests its food externally and absorbs the nutrient molecules into its cells. Fungi are very important economically: yeasts are responsible for fermentation of beer and bread, and mushroom farming is a large industry in many countries. Fungi are the primary decomposers of dead plant and animal matter in many ecosystems, and are commonly seen on old bread as mold. However, the complex biology of fungi extends beyond this common knowledge and experience of them. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fungus"

Gills are the spore-bearing structure in agarics (gilled mushrooms). ...more on Wikipedia about "Gill (mushroom)"

Hymenophore refers to the fruit-bearing structure of a fungal hymenium, or fruit body. They can be smooth surfaces, gills, folds, tubes, or teeth. The actual surface that contains both sterile elements and meiotic spore-producing structures such as basidia or asci is called the hymenium. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hymenophore"

A hypha (plural hyphae) is a long, branching filament that, with other hyphae, forms the feeding thallus of a fungus called the mycelium. Hyphae are also found enveloping the gonidia in lichens, making up a large part of their structure. A typical hypha consists of a tubular wall, usually made of chitin, which surrounds, supports, and protects the cells that compose a hypha. For most fungi, a cell within a hyphal filament is separated from other cells by internal cross-walls called septa (singular septum). ...more on Wikipedia about "Hypha"

Index Fungorum, an international project to index all formal names ( scientific names) in the Kingdom Fungi. Somewhat comparable to IPNI, but with more contributing institutions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Index Fungorum"

Lichens are symbiotic organisms made up by the association of microscopic green algae or cyanobacteria and filamentous fungi. There is evidence that lichens might involve a controlled form of parasitism of the algal cells. In laboratory settings, algae grow faster when they are alone rather than when they are part of a lichen. Lichens take the external shape of the fungal partner and hence are named based on the fungus. The fungus most commonly forms the majority of a lichen's bulk, though in filamentous and gelatinous lichens this may not always be the case. The lichen fungus is typically a member of the Ascomycota—rarely a member of the Basidiomycota. Some lichen taxonomists place lichens in their own division, the Mycophycophyta, but this practice ignores the fact that the components belong to separate lineages. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lichen"

British journals and magazines ...more on Wikipedia about "List of mycological journals"

Description: Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Gray's Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. The book was first published under the title Gray's Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical in Great Britain in 1858, and the following year in the United States. The book's British author died after the publication of the 1860 second edition, at the age of 34, but his much-praised book was continued by others and on November 24, 2004, the 39th British edition was released. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of publications in biology" Are you ready for http://www.shortopedia.com?

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