NASA probes NASA probes Comet Wild 2 (officially designated 81P/Wild) is a comet named after Swiss astronomer Paul Wild (pronounced Vilt), who discovered it in 1978. ...more on Wikipedia about "81P/Wild"
The Astrobiology Field Laboratory is a proposed NASA unmanned planetary spacecraft to explore the planet Mars. The rover will be built by NASA's Jet Proplusion Laboratory. It is planned to be launched sometime around 2013 or 2015 by an Boeing Delta 4 rocket. ...more on Wikipedia about "Astrobiology Field Laboratory"
Champollion was a planned cometary rendezvous and landing spacecraft. It was named after Jean-François Champollion, a French Egyptologist known for studying the Rosetta stone. ...more on Wikipedia about "Champollion (spacecraft)"
Clementine was a joint space project between the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO, previously the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, or SDIO) and NASA. The objective of the mission was to test sensors and spacecraft components under extended exposure to the space environment and to make scientific observations of the Moon and the near-Earth asteroid 1620 Geographos. The Geographos observations were not made due to a malfunction in the spacecraft. The lunar observations made included imaging at various wavelengths in the visible as well as in ultraviolet and infrared, laser ranging altimetry, gravimetry, and charged particle measurements. These observations were for the purposes of obtaining multi-spectral imaging the entire lunar surface, assessing the surface mineralogy of the Moon and obtaining altimetry from 60N to 60S latitude and gravity data for the near side. There were also plans to image and determine the size, shape, rotational characteristics, surface properties, and cratering statistics of Geographos. Clementine carried 7 distinct experiments on-board: a UV/Visible Camera, a Near Infrared Camera, a Long Wavelength Infrared Camera, a High Resolution Camera, two Star Tracker Cameras, a Laser Altimeter, and a Charged Particle Telescope. The S-band transmitter was used for communications, tracking, and the gravimetry experiment. ...more on Wikipedia about "Clementine mission"
(COBE)
The Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) was a cancelled plan for a NASA led exploratory mission designed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory during the mid-to-late 1980s and early 1990s, that planned to send a spacecraft to encounter an asteroid, and then to rendezvous with a comet and fly alongside it for nearly three years. The project was eventually canceled when it went over budget; most of the money still left was redirected to its twin spacecraft, Cassini-Huygens, destined for Saturn, so it could survive Congressional budget cutbacks. Most of CRAF's scientific objectives were later accomplished by a series of smaller NASA spacecraft, and the rest will be accomplished by ESA's flagship Rosetta mission. ...more on Wikipedia about "Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby"
The Comet Nucleus Tour (CONTOUR) was a Discovery-class space mission. It had as its primary objective close fly-bys of two comet nuclei with the possibility of a fly-by of a third known comet or an as-yet-undiscovered comet. The two comets scheduled to be visited were Encke and Schwassmann-Wachmann-3, and the third target was d'Arrest. It was hoped that a new comet would have been discovered that would have been in the inner solar system between 2006 and 2008, in which case the spacecraft trajectory would have been changed if possible to rendezvous with the new comet. Scientific objectives included imaging the nuclei at resolutions of 4 m, performing spectral mapping of the nuclei at resolutions of 100-200 m, and obtaining detailed compositional data on gas and dust in the near-nucleus environment, with the goal of improving our knowledge of the characteristics of comet nuclei. ...more on Wikipedia about "CONTOUR"
DART, or Demonstration for Autonomous Rendezvous Technology, is a NASA sponsored project. The goal was to develop automated navigation and rendezvous capability and demonstrate it in a space craft. Orbital, the prime contractor, has built, launched and operated the vehicle. The $95 million dollar project was scheduled for launch October 25, 2004, but launch was postponed for launch loads analysis and performed on April 15, 2005. ...more on Wikipedia about "DART (spacecraft)"
The Dawn Mission is a NASA unmanned space mission that will send an orbiting space probe to examine the asteroids Ceres and Vesta. Dawn will be the first mission to enter into orbit around two different planetary bodies other than the Earth and Moon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dawn Mission"
Deep Impact is a NASA space probe designed to study the composition of the interior of the comet Tempel 1. At 5:52 UTC on July 4, 2005, one section of the Deep Impact probe successfully impacted the comet's nucleus, excavating debris from the interior of the nucleus. Photographs of the impact showed the comet to be more dusty and less icy than expected. The impact generated a large, bright dust cloud that obscured the hoped-for view of the impact crater. ...more on Wikipedia about "Deep Impact (space mission)"
The spacecraft Deep Space 1 was launched October 24, 1998 on top of a Delta II rocket. As part of NASA's New Millennium program, the primary goal was the testing of twelve advanced technologies that have the potential to lower the cost and risk of future missions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Deep Space 1"
The Deep Space 2 mission, which launched in January 1999 as part of NASA's New Millennium Program, consisted of two highly advanced miniature probes to Mars. They were intended to be the first spacecraft ever to penetrate below the surface of another planet. The Deep Space 2 probes were also the first landers to use only an aeroshell, lacking parachutes or rockets to reduce their impact velocity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Deep Space 2"
The Explorer program was the United States's first successful attempt to launch an artificial satellite . It began as a U.S. Army proposal to place a scientific satellite into orbit during the International Geophysical Year. That proposal was rejected in favor of the U.S. Navy's Project Vanguard. It was revived as a crash program to catch up with the Soviet Union after that nation's launch of Sputnik I on October 4, 1957. (See: Sputnik crisis) Explorer 1 was launched January 31 1958. Besides being the first U.S. satellite, it is known for discovering the Van Allen radiation belt. ...more on Wikipedia about "Explorer program"
Galileo was an unmanned spacecraft sent by NASA to study the planet Jupiter and its moons. Named after the astronomer and Renaissance man Galileo Galilei, it was launched on October 18, 1989 by the Space Shuttle Atlantis on the STS-34 mission. It arrived at Jupiter on December 7, 1995, a little more than six years later, via gravitational assist flybys of Venus and Earth. ...more on Wikipedia about "Galileo spacecraft" Things Go Better with www.shortopedia.com.
The Genesis spacecraft was the first ever attempt to collect a sample of solar wind, and the first sample return mission to return from beyond the orbit of the Moon. It was launched on August 8, 2001, and crash-landed on September 8, 2004 after a design flaw prevented the deployment of its drogue parachute. The crash contaminated many of the sample collectors, but subsequent processing was able to isolate useful samples, and as of April 2005 some of the mission's science objectives are expected to be achieved successfully. ...more on Wikipedia about "Genesis (spacecraft)"
The Halley Armada is a group of space probes sent to examine Comet Halley during its 1986 sojourn through the inner solar system. The armada consisted of one probe from the European Space Agency, two probes that were joint projects between the Soviet Union and France, two probes from the National Space Development Agency of Japan, and a probe from the United States' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ...more on Wikipedia about "Halley Armada"
The International Cometary Explorer (ICE) spacecraft was originally known as International Sun/Earth Explorer 3 (ISEE-3) satellite, launched August 12, 1978. It, along with ISEE-1 and ISEE-2, were designed to study the interaction between the Earth's magnetic field and the solar wind. ...more on Wikipedia about "International Cometary Explorer"
International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) was an astronomical observatory satellite primarily designed to take ultraviolet spectra. The satellite was a collaborative project between NASA, the U.K. Science Research Council and the European Space Agency (ESA). ...more on Wikipedia about "International Ultraviolet Explorer"
Juno is a NASA mission to Jupiter planned to cost roughly $700 million and scheduled to launch by June 30, 2010. The spacecraft will be placed in a polar orbit in order to study the planet's magnetic field. Juno will also be searching for evidence that Jupiter has a rocky core, the amount of water present within the atmosphere, and Jupiter's wind (which can reach speeds of 600 km/h). ...more on Wikipedia about "Juno (spacecraft)"
The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) was a proposed spacecraft designed to explore the icy moons of Jupiter. The main target was Europa, the suspected ocean of which is one of the places where very simple alien life is a possibility in our solar system. Ganymede and Callisto, which are now thought to have liquid, salty oceans beneath their icy surfaces, were also targets of interest for the probe. ...more on Wikipedia about "Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter"
The Lunar Prospector mission was the third selected by NASA for full development and construction as part of the Discovery Program. At a cost of $62.8 million, the 19-month mission was designed for a low polar orbit investigation of the Moon, including mapping of surface composition and possible polar ice deposits, measurements of magnetic and gravity fields, and study of lunar outgassing events. The mission ended July 31, 1999 when the orbiter was deliberately crashed into a crater near the lunar south pole in an unsuccessful attempt to detect the presence of water. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lunar Prospector"
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The Magellan spacecraft carried out a mission from 1989-1994, orbiting Venus from 1990-1994. ...more on Wikipedia about "Magellan probe"
Mariner Mark II was NASA's planned family of unmanned spacecraft for the exploration of the outer solar system that were to be developed and operated by JPL between 1990 through the year 2010. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mariner Mark II"
The Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter) was one of two spacecraft in the Mars Surveyor '98 program, the other being the Mars Polar Lander (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander). The two missions were to study the Martian weather, climate, and water and carbon dioxide budget, in order to understand the reservoirs, behavior, and atmospheric role of volatiles and to search for evidence of long-term and episodic climate changes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mars Climate Orbiter"
The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) is an American spacecraft. Developed by NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and launched November 1996, it began America's return to Mars after a 20-year absence. It completed its primary mission in January 2001, and is now in an extended mission phase. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mars Global Surveyor"
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