Native American history

The American Indian Movement (AIM), is an American Indian national liberation movement in the United States that burst on the international scene with its seizure of the Bureau of Indian Affairs headquarters in Washington, D.C., in 1972 and the 1973 standoff at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. AIM was cofounded by Dennis Banks, Herb Powless, Clyde Bellecourt, Eddie Benton Banai, and many others in 1968. Russell Means was also one of the early leaders of AIM. ...more on Wikipedia about "American Indian Movement"

Ancient Pueblo People, or Ancestral Puebloans is a preferred term for the cultural group of people often known as Anasazi who are the ancestors of the modern Pueblo peoples. The ancestral Puebloans were a prehistoric Native American civilization centered around the present-day Four Corners area of the Southwest United States. Archaeologists still debate when a distinct culture emerged, but the current consensus, based on terminology defined by the Pecos Classification, suggests their emergence around 1200 B.C., the Basketmaker II Era. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ancient Pueblo Peoples"

Angel Mounds State Historic Site is located on the Ohio River in Vanderburgh County, Indiana adjacent to Evansville. It is part of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Indiana State Museums and Historic Sites. It is one of 16 state museums and historic sites in Indiana. It is named after the Angel Family who settled in this location along the Ohio River in the early 1800s. ...more on Wikipedia about "Angel Mounds"

The Battle of the Wabash, also known as St. Clair's Defeat and the Battle of Wabash River, was fought on November 4, 1791 between the United States and an American Indian confederacy, as part of the Northwest Indian War (also known as "Little Turtle's War"). The American Indians were led by Michikinikwa ("Little Turtle") of the Miamis and Blue Jacket of the Shawnees. The Americans were led by General Arthur St. Clair. The Indian confederacy was victorious. The battle was the most severe defeat ever suffered by the United States at the hands of American Indians; indeed, in proportional terms it was the worst defeat that United States forces have ever suffered in battle. As a result, President George Washington forced St. Clair to resign his post, and Congress initiated its first investigation of the executive branch. ...more on Wikipedia about "Battle of the Wabash"

Bird stones are prehistoric, abstract stone carvings made by Native Americans. The artifacts were a common inclusion in graves and though to have ceremonial importance. They are noted for their distinctive simplicity and beauty. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bird Stone"

Black Hawk (Makataimeshekiakiak) ( 1767– October 3, 1838) was a chief of the Sac Native American tribe in what is now the United States. ...more on Wikipedia about "Black Hawk (chief)"

Blood Law (akin to blood feud) is the English term for the traditional American Indian practice of killing an individual for an offence to another individual or group (tribe, clan, family, etc.). The offences ranged from murder, witchcraft, theft, etc., to insult. If the offending party did not surrender for justice, any member of the offended group could assess the penalty against any member of the offender's group. Traditionally, depending on the character of the offender, death would either be quick (administered by the men), or by slow torture (administered by the women). ...more on Wikipedia about "Blood Law"

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Caborn-Welborn was a prehistoric North American culture that grew out of — or built upon the demise of — the Angel chiefdom. Caborn-Welborn developed around AD 1400 and seems to have finally disappeared around AD 1650. The location was mostly on ridges along the Wabash River and Ohio River near their confluence. Who if any were their historical descendants is not known. ...more on Wikipedia about "Caborn"

Cahokia was a Native American city located near Collinsville in the west-central part of the U.S. state of Illinois, across the Mississippi River from St. Louis, Missouri, in the American Bottom floodplain. Cahokia is best known for large, man-made earthen structures, known popularly as mounds, the largest of which is Monk's Mound; as well as its timber circles named Woodhenge after Stonehenge, as both structures marked the solstices, equinoxes and other astronomical events. Cahokia Mounds was designated a National Historic Landmark on July 19, 1964. Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, designated as a World Heritage Site in 1982, protects 2200 acres (8.9 km²) of the area of the mounds (but more of the site is on private land) and is the site of ongoing archaeological excavations. Cahokia is one of the best known sites of the Mississippian culture and the term "Cahokian" is sometimes used to describe the culture. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cahokia"

Casqui was a Native American tribe discovered in 1541 by the Hernando de Soto expedition. This tribe inhabited fortified villages in eastern Arkansas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Casqui"

The Cherokee Outlet, or Cherokee Strip, was located in what is now the state of Oklahoma, in the United States. It was a sixty-mile (97 km) wide strip of land south of the Oklahoma-Kansas border between the 96th and 100th meridians. It was about 225 miles (362 km) long and in 1891 contained 8,144,682.91 acres (32,960 km²) ...more on Wikipedia about "Cherokee Outlet"

The Cherokee Path (also Keowee path) was the primary route from Charleston to Columbia, South Carolina in Colonial America, connecting all of the Cherokee territories. The path was mapped in 1730 by George Hunter, the Surveyor-General of the Province of South Carolina. It ran 130 miles from Charlestown to the colonial settlement of Ninety Six, then to Fort Prince George and the Cherokee village of Keowee, the principal town of the Cherokee Lower settlements (in present day Oconee, Greenville, Pickens and Anderson counties). ...more on Wikipedia about "Cherokee Path"

The Cherokee Strip of Kansas, in the United States, was a disputed strip of land on the southern border of the state. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cherokee Strip (Kansas)"

The Cherry Valley massacre was an attack by British and Seneca Indian forces on a fort and village in eastern New York on November 11, 1778 during the American Revolutionary War. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cherry Valley massacre"

The Clovis culture is a prehistoric Native American culture that first appears in the archaeological record of North America around 13,500 years ago, at the end of the last ice age. ...more on Wikipedia about "Clovis culture"

Code talkers were Native American soldiers serving in the U.S. forces who transmitted secret messages over radio or telephone using codes based on their native languages. The name refers chiefly to Navajo language speakers in special units in the Pacific Theater of World War II. However, the Choctaw language, Comanche language, and other languages were also used, beginning in World War I. In World War II the U.S. military (particularly the U.S. Marines) used Navajo speakers for the first time. ...more on Wikipedia about "Code talker"

For a list of events by date, see Comanche Timeline. For a summary of Comanche history see under Comanche. ...more on Wikipedia about "Comanche History"

1500 Comanche separate from Eastern Shoshone near Wind River. ...more on Wikipedia about "Comanche Timeline"

The Covenant Chain was an alliance between the Iroquois Confederacy and the British colonies of North America. Their councils and subsequent treaties concerned colonial settlement, trade, and acts of violence between the Iroquois and the colonists. ...more on Wikipedia about "Covenant Chain"

The American Dawes Commission, named for its first chairman Henry L. Dawes, was authorized under a rider to an Indian Office appropriation bill, March 3, 1893. Its purpose was to convince the Five Civilized Tribes to agree to cede tribal title of Indian lands under an allotment process to the individual Indian (See Dawes Act for other tribes). In November 1893, President Grover Cleveland appointed Henry L. Dawes as chairman, and Meridith H. Kidd and Archibald S. McKennon as members. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dawes Commission"

Edward Sheriff Curtis ( February 16, 1868 – October 19, 1952) was a photographer of the American West and of Native American peoples. ...more on Wikipedia about "Edward S. Curtis"

The Enoch Brown School Massacre was a notorious incident in Pontiac's Rebellion. On 26 July 1764, four Delaware (Lenape) American Indian warriors entered a log schoolhouse of white settlers in what is now Franklin County, Pennsylvania, near present Greencastle. Inside were the schoolmaster, Enoch Brown, and twelve young students. Brown pleaded with the warriors to spare the children before being shot and scalped. The warriors then began to tomahawk and scalp the children, killing nine or ten of them (reports vary). Two children who had been scalped survived. ...more on Wikipedia about "Enoch Brown School Massacre"

The Five Civilized Tribes is the term applied to five Native American nations, the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole, considered "civilized" by their white society because they had adopted many Western customs (including the ownership of plantations and slaves) and had generally good relations with their neighbors. The Five Civilized Tribes lived in the Southeastern United States before their removal to other parts of country, especially the future Oklahoma. ...more on Wikipedia about "Five Civilized Tribes"

The Fort Parker massacre was an event in 1836 in which members of the pioneer Parker family were killed in a raid by Native Americans¹. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fort Parker massacre"

The fur trade (also called the Indian trade) was a huge part of the early history of contact in North America between European-Americans and American Indians (now often called Native Americans in the United States and First Nations in Canada). European traders and trappers explored the continent and established relationships with native communities, hoping to obtain the best furs and pelts— beaver was especially prized—for European markets. Native hunters exchanged pelts for European-manufactured items that were desired in their communities, such as metal tools, firearms, clothing, and alcohol. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fur trade"

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