Networks Networks An acoustic network is a method of positioning equipment using sound waves. It is primarily used in water, and can be as small or as large as required by the users specifications. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acoustic network"
Actor-network theory, sometimes abbreviated to ANT, is a theory of scientific, technological, and organizational fact developed by two leading French STS scholars, Michel Callon and Bruno Latour, and a British anthropologist, John Law. Broadly speaking, it is a constructivist theory in that it refuses to accept essentialist explanations of innovation (for example, explaining a successful theory by saying it is 'true' and the others are 'false'). However, it is distinguished from other STS and sociological network theories in that an actor-network contains not merely people, but also material objects and organisations. These are collectively referred to as Actant. One central part of this approach is the principle of generalized symmetry, which stipulates that human and non-human actors should be treated with the same vocabulary. Some scholars incorrectly use the term Actant to denote only the non-human actor. A successful actor network is achieved when innovators succeed in building a network that is capable of resisting external attack from human as well as non-human actors. ANT is among the theories commonly used by scholars in the interdisciplinary field known as Science and technology studies. It is also used in sociology and feminist studies. ...more on Wikipedia about "Actor-network theory"
Admission control, in the most primitive sense, is the simple practice of discriminating which traffic is admitted into a network in the first place. Admission control can be thought of as controlling what type of traffic is allowed to enter or transit a network. Admission control schemes therefore need to be implemented at the network edges to control the traffic entering the network. [1] ...more on Wikipedia about "Admission control"
An artificial neural network (ANN), also called a simulated neural network (SNN) (but the term neural network (NN) is grounded in biology and refers to very real, highly complex plexus), is an interconnected group of artificial neurons that uses a mathematical or computational model for information processing based on a connectionist approach to computation. There is no precise agreed definition among researchers as to what a neural network is, but most would agree that it involves a network of simple processing elements ( neurons) which can exhibit complex global behaviour, determined by the connections between the processing elements and element parameters. Since anything approaching a full appreciation of neuronal function remains a distant dream, and since the factors producing global output result from many non-linear, modulating, and poorly understood real-time feedback signals within a single neuron, the greatly simplified artificial networks (where 'neurons' are modeled as input/output nodes) are perceived as academic research tools rather than even a distant representation of brain function. The original inspiration for the technique was from examination of the central nervous system and the neurons (and their axons, dendrites and synapses) which constitute one of its most significant information processing elements (see Neuroscience). In a neural network model, simple nodes (called variously "neurons", "neurodes", "PEs" ("processing elements") or "units") are connected together to form a network of nodes — hence the term "neural network". The term also includes implementations purely in software that may run on general purpose computers. ...more on Wikipedia about "Artificial neural network"
A backbone network is the part of a hierarchical network that occupies the top level of that hierarchy: it connects to nothing but itself, or nodes at lower levels in the hierarchy. ...more on Wikipedia about "Backbone network"
RFC 2638 from IETF defines the entity of the Bandwidth Broker in the framework of DIffServ. According to RFC 2638, a Bandwidth Broker is an agent that has some knowledge of an organization's priorities and policies and allocates bandwidth with respect to those policies. In order to achieve an end-to-end allocation of resources across separate domains, the Bandwidth Broker managing a domain will have to communicate with its adjacent peers, which allows end-to-end services to be constructed out of purely bilateral agreements. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bandwidth Broker"
A Bayesian network or Bayesian belief network or just belief network is a directed graph of nodes representing variables and arcs representing dependence relations among the variables. If there is an arc from node A to another node B, then we say that A is a parent of B. If a node has a known value, it is said to be an evidence node. A node can represent any kind of variable, be it an observed measurement, a parameter, a latent variable, or a hypothesis. Nodes are not restricted to representing random variables; this is what is " Bayesian" about a Bayesian network. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bayesian network" Enjoy shortopedia.
In cell biology, a biased random walk enables bacteria to search for food and flee from harm. Bacteria propel themselves with the aid of flagella in a process called chemotaxis, and a typical bacteria trajectory has many charactistics of a random walk. They move forward for a certain distance, then the course is abrubtly altered by a process called tumbling. The average change of direction is about 60°. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biased random walk (biochemistry)"
: A campus area network or CAN is a computer network made up of an interconnection of local area networks (LANs) within a limited geographical area, such as a university campus or a military base. ...more on Wikipedia about "Campus Area Network"
Within graph theory, there are various measures of the centrality of a vertex within a graph. ...more on Wikipedia about "Centrality"
Cisco Express Fowarding is one of the high speed switching techniques used in Core layer for the WAN Network. they are utilized to increase packet switching speed and ensure that packets are not delayed. Jocularly known as the "Customer Enragement Feature," in large Cisco boxes that use Distributed CEF (dCEF), where the Forwarding Information Base is replicated onto each card. Due to an abundance of synchronization problems and other bugs, one linecard would start forwarding traffic out the wrong port while the other cards and the rest of the system show the situation is normal. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cisco Express Forwarding"
City networks are the connections between cities. These networks can be of different nature and of different importance. In modern conceptions of cities, these networks play an important role in understanding the nature of cities. City networks can be physical connections to other places, such as railways, canals or scheduled flights. City network also exist in immaterial form, such as trade, global finance, markets, migration, cultural links, shared social spaces or shared histories. There are also networks of religious nature, in particular through pilgrimage. ...more on Wikipedia about "City network"
Collapsed Backbone Networks are like Bridged and Routed backbone networks, but instead of a bridge or router they use mutiprotocol devices. ...more on Wikipedia about "Collapsed backbone network"
A command hierarchy is a group of people committed to carrying out orders "from the top", that is, of authority. It is part of a power structure: usually seen as the most vulnerable and also the most powerful part of it. ...more on Wikipedia about "Command hierarchy"
A computer network is a system for communication between computers. These networks may be fixed ( cabled, permanent) or temporary (as via modems or null modems). ...more on Wikipedia about "Computer network"
A Content Delivery Network (CDN) is a term coined in the late 1990's to describe a system of computers networked together across the Internet that cooperate transparently to deliver content (especially large media content) to end users. ...more on Wikipedia about "Content Delivery Network"
In electronics, a digital network is a coupled network of digital components, such as logic gates, that implement a logic system. ...more on Wikipedia about "Digital network"
Eigenvector centrality is a measure of the importance of a node in a network. It assigns relative scores to all nodes in the network based on the principle that connections to nodes having a high score contribute more to the score of the node in question. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eigenvector centrality"
End-to-end delay refers to the time taken for a packet to be transmitted across a network from source to destination. It is commonly referred in RTSP. ...more on Wikipedia about "End-to-end delay"
Ethernet Flow Control is defined by IEEE 802.3 for full-duplex operation. (See IEEE 802.3 for related Ethernet specifications.) ...more on Wikipedia about "Ethernet flow control"
In wireless networks, the exposed node problem occurs when a node is prevented from sending packets to other nodes due to a neighboring transmitter. Consider an example of 4 nodes labeled R1, S1, S2, and R2, where the two receivers are out of range from one another, yet the two transmitters in the middle are in range of each other and one of the receivers. Here, if a transmission between S1 and R1 is taking place, node S2 is prevented from transmitting to R2 as it concludes that it will interfere with the transmission by its neighbor S1. In order to increase the throughput, the exposed node S2 should be allowed to transmit in a controlled fashion without interfering with the on-going transmission between S1 and R1. ...more on Wikipedia about "Exposed terminal problem"
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A gene regulatory network (also called a GRN or genetic regulatory network) is a collection of DNA segments in a cell which ...more on Wikipedia about "Gene regulatory network"
A heterarchy is a network of elements sharing common goals in which each element shares the same "horizontal" position of power and authority, each having an equal vote. A heterarchy may be independent or at some level in a hierarchy. Each level in a hierarchical system is composed of a heterarchy which contains its constituent elements. ...more on Wikipedia about "Heterarchy"
A holarchy, in the terminology of Arthur Koestler, is a hierarchy of holons — where a holon is simply a part of a hierarchy which itself is a complex system. The term was coined in Koestler's 1967 book The Ghost in the Machine. ...more on Wikipedia about "Holarchy"
A holon (from the Greek holos = whole and on = entity) is something that is simultaneously a whole and a part. The term was coined by Arthur Koestler on p. 48 of his book The Ghost in the Machine ( 1967). ...more on Wikipedia about "Holon (philosophy)"
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