Neurological disorders

Abarognosis is a loss of the ability to detect the weight of an object held in the hand or to tell the difference in weight between two objects. This deficit may be caused by damage to the parietal lobe on the side of the brain opposite of the deficit. ...more on Wikipedia about "Abarognosis"

Abasia (from Greek: a-, without and basis, step) is the inability to walk due to impaired muscle coordination. The term covers a spectrum of medical disorders such as: ...more on Wikipedia about "Abasia"

Aboulia or Abulia, in neurology, refers to a lack of will or initiative. It is usually result of physical damage to the brain, result of diseases like encephalitis lethargica or extensive lobotomy. The patient is unable to act or make decisions independently. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aboulia"

In medicine, there are many kinds of generalized seizures. In absence seizures, the person may appear to be staring into space and/or have jerking or twitching muscles. These seizures are sometimes referred to as petit mal seizures, which is an older term. These periods last for seconds, or even tens of seconds. They sometimes move from one location to another without any purpose. ...more on Wikipedia about "Absence seizure"

A neurological condition, Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is damage to the brain after birth. It usually affects cognitive, physical, emotional or independent functioning and can result from traumatic brain injury (i.e. accidents, falls, assaults, etc.) and non-traumatic brain injury (i.e. stroke, brain tumours, infection, poisoning, lack of oxygen or substance abuse). Most definitions of ABI exclude neurodegenerative disorders. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acquired Brain Injury"

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune mediated disease of brain. It usually occurs following a viral infection or vaccination, but it may also appear spontaneously. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis"

Acute facial nerve paralysis is a common problem that involves the paralysis of any structures innervated by the facial nerve. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acute facial nerve paralysis"

Adie syndrome is caused by damage to the postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic innervation of the eye and characterized by a tonically dilated pupil. This clinical picture is often accompanied by signs of aberrant regeneration of these nerves and asymmetrically reduced deep tendon reflexes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adie syndrome"

Agnosia (a-gnosis, "non-knowledge") is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss. It is usually associated with brain injury or neurological illness, particularly after damage to the temporal lobe. ...more on Wikipedia about "Agnosia"

Aicardi syndrome is a congenital disorder thought to result from an abnormality of the X chromosome and characterized by absence of the corpus callosum, retinal abnormalities, and seizures (often infantile spasms). ...more on Wikipedia about "Aicardi syndrome"

Akinesia is the inability to initiate movement, due to problems with selecting and activating motor programs in the brain. It is a common consequence of Parkinson's disease causing dopamine loss in the direct pathway of movement. ...more on Wikipedia about "Akinesia"

Alcoholic polyneuropathy is a neurological disorder in which many peripheral nerves throughout the body malfunction simultaneously (a polyneuropathy). ...more on Wikipedia about "Alcoholic polyneuropathy"

Alpers' disease, also called progressive infantile poliodystrophy, is a progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system that occurs in infants and children. It is an autosomal recessive disorder that is sometimes seen in siblings. First signs of the disease, which include intractable seizures and failure to meet meaningful developmental milestones, usually occur in infancy, after the first year of life, but sometimes as late as the fifth year. Primary symptoms of the disease are developmental delay, progressive mental retardation, hypotonia (low muscle tone), spasticity (stiffness of the limbs) possibly leading to quadriplegia, and progressive dementia. Seizures may include epilepsia partialis continua, a type of seizure that consists of repeated myoclonic (muscle) jerks. Optic atrophy may also occur, often leading to blindness. Deafness may also occur. And, although physical signs of chronic liver dysfunction may not be present, many patients suffer liver impairment leading to liver failure. While some researchers believe that Alpers' disease is caused by an underlying metabolic defect, no consistent defect has been identified. Pathologically, there is status spongiosus of the cerebral grey matter. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alpers' disease"

Alternating hemiplegia is a rare neurological disorder that manifests itself in the paralysis of one side of the body in recurring episodes. The face, eye movement, and limbs can all be paralysed. Either side can be affected, but only one side at a time. Alternating hemiplegia usually occurs before four years of age and can present in either a severe or a less severe form. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alternating hemiplegia"

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease, is the most common cause of dementia and characterised clinically by progressive intellectual deterioration together with declining activities of daily living and neuropsychiatric symptoms or behavioral changes. The most striking early symptom is memory loss ( amnesia), usually manifest as minor forgetfulness that becomes steadily denser with illness progression, with relative preservation of older memories. As the disorder progresses, cognitive (intellectual) impairment extends to the domains of language ( aphasia), coordinated movement ( apraxia), recognition ( agnosia) and those functions (such as decision-making and planning) closely related to the frontal lobe of the brain, reflecting extension of the underlying pathological process. This consists principally of neuronal (cell) loss (or atrophy), together with deposition of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Genetic factors are known to be important, and polymorphisms (variations) in three different autosomal dominant genes - Presenilin 1, Presenilin 2, and Amyloid Precursor Protein - have been identified that account for a small number of cases of familial, early-onset AD. For late onset AD (LOAD), only one susceptibility gene has so far been identified - the epsilon 4 allele of the APOE gene. Age of onset itself has a heritability of around 50%. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alzheimer's disease"

Angelman syndrome (AS) is neurological disorder in which severe learning difficulties are associated with a characteristic facial appearance and behavior. ...more on Wikipedia about "Angelman syndrome"

Anosmia is the lack of olfaction, or a loss of the sense of smell. It can be either temporary or permanent. A related term, hyposmia refers to a decrease in the ability to smell. Some people may be anosmic for one particular odor. This is called "specific anosmia" and may be genetically based. Anosmia can be diagnosed by doctors by using scratch-n-sniff odor tests or by using commonly available odors such as coffee, lemon, and cinnamon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anosmia"

Apraxia is a neurological disorder characterized by loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned (familiar) movements, despite having the desire and the physical ability to perform the movements. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apraxia"

Arachnoiditis describes a pain disorder caused by the inflammation of the arachnoid, one of the membranes that surround and protect the nerves of the spinal cord. The arachnoid can become inflamed because of an irritation from chemicals, infection from bacteria or viruses, as the result of direct injury to the spine, chronic compression of spinal nerves, or complications from spinal surgery or other invasive spinal procedures. Inflammation can sometimes lead to the formation of scar tissue and adhesions, which cause the spinal nerves to "stick" together. If arachnoiditis begins to interfere with the function of one or more of these nerves, it can cause a number of symptoms, including numbness, tingling, and a characteristic stinging and burning pain in the lower back or legs. Arachnoiditis has no consistent pattern of symptoms, but it more frequently affects the nerves that supply the lower back and legs. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arachnoiditis"

Arnold-Chiari malformation, sometimes referred to as 'Chiari malformation' or ACM, is a congenital anomaly of the brain in which the cerebellar tonsils are elongated and pushed down through the opening of the base of the skull (see foramen magnum), blocking the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The brainstem, cranial nerves and the lower portion of the cerebellum may be stretched or compressed. Therefore, any of the functions controlled by these areas may be affected. The blockage of CSF flow may also cause a syrinx to form ( syringomyelia). ...more on Wikipedia about "Arnold-Chiari malformation"

People with associative agnosia fail in assigning meaning to an object, animal or building that they can see clearly. Most cases have injury to the occipital and temporal lobes and the critical site of injury appears to be in the left occipito-temporal region, often with involvement of the splenium of the corpus callosum. The clinical "definition" of the disorder is when an affected person is able to copy/draw things that they cannot recognise. The disorder appears to be very uncommon in a "pure" or uncomplicated form and is usually accompanied by other complex neuropsychological problems such as impaired language or memory. The affected individual may not realise that they have a visual problem and may complain of becoming "clumsy" or "muddled" when performing familiar tasks such as setting the table or simple DIY. ...more on Wikipedia about "Associative Agnosia"

Astasis (also known as astasia) is the inability to stand because of disruption of muscle coordination. The condition is caused by injury to the frontal lobes. It is frequently, though not invariably accompanied by abasia, an inability to walk. ...more on Wikipedia about "Astasis"

Ataxia (from Greek ataxiā, meaning failure to put in order) is unsteady and clumsy motion of the limbs or trunk due to a failure of the gross coordination of muscle movements. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ataxia"

Autism is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests itself in markedly abnormal social interaction, communication ability, patterns of interests, and patterns of behavior. ...more on Wikipedia about "Autism"

Autonomic neuropathy (also called visceral neuropathy) is a disease of the non-voluntary, non-sensory nervous system (i.e. the Autonomic Nervous System) affecting mostly the internal organs such as the bladder muscles, the cardiovascular system, the digestive tract, and the genital organs. These nerves are not under a person's conscious control and function automatically. They do not run through the spinal cord. ...more on Wikipedia about "Autonomic neuropathy"

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