Nuclear accidents

B-36B 44-92075 was a United States Air Force Convair B-36 bomber that crashed in northern British Columbia in 1950 while carrying a nuclear weapon. It was the first time in history that a nuclear weapon was lost. ...more on Wikipedia about "B-36B 44-92075"

Castle Bravo was the code name given to the first U.S. test of a so-called dry fuel thermonuclear device, detonated on March 1, 1954 at Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands by the United States, as the first test of Operation Castle (a longer series of tests of various devices). Unexpected fallout from the detonation—intended to be a secret test—poisoned the crew of a Japanese fishing boat and created international concern about atmospheric thermonuclear testing. ...more on Wikipedia about "Castle Bravo"

The Chernobyl accident occurred on April 26, 1986, at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (originally named after Vladimir Lenin) in Ukraine (then part of the Soviet Union). It is regarded as the worst accident in the history of nuclear power, producing (due to a lack of a full containment building) a plume of radioactive debris that drifted over parts of the western Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, UK, and eastern US. Large areas of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia were badly contaminated, resulting in the evacuation and resettlement of roughly 200,000 people. About 60% of the radioactive fallout landed in Belarus. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chernobyl accident"

Cosmos 954 was a Soviet Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite ( RORSAT) with an onboard nuclear reactor. The satellite's reactor core failed to separate and boost into a nuclear-safe orbit, and instead remained onboard in an orbit that decayed until the satellite reentered Earth's atmosphere January 24, 1978. The satellite crashed near the Great Slave Lake (in the Northwest Territories, Canada), spreading its radioactive fuel over a 124,000 km² (48,000 mile²) area. Subsequent recovery efforts by a joint American-Canadian team swept the area by foot and air until the Autumn ice breakup in October made further searches impractical. They were ultimately able to recover 12 larger pieces of the satellite. These pieces displayed radioactivity of up to 1.1 sieverts per hour, yet they only comprised an estimated 1% of the fuel. For these recovery efforts, the Canadian Government billed the Soviet Union $15 million. Though the U.S.S.R. paid less than half of that amount, many were surprised that they even acknowledged that a satellite had crashed. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmos 954"

A criticality accident (also sometimes referred to as an "excursion" or "power excursion") occurs when a nuclear chain reaction is accidentally allowed to occur in fissile material, such as enriched uranium or plutonium. This releases neutron radiation which is highly dangerous to surrounding personnel and which causes induced radioactivity in the surroundings. ...more on Wikipedia about "Criticality accident"

Daigo Fukuryū Maru (第五福龍丸, Daigo Fukuryū Maru; loosely translated as Lucky Dragon No. 5 in English) was a Japanese tuna fishing boat, which was exposed to and contaminated by nuclear fallout from the United States' Castle Bravo thermonuclear device test on Bikini Atoll, on March 1, 1954. ...more on Wikipedia about "Daigo Fukuryu Maru"

David Hahn (born October, 1976) attempted to build a nuclear breeder reactor in 1994 in his backyard shed in Commerce Township, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, at the age of 17. ...more on Wikipedia about "David Hahn"

Davis-Besse nuclear power plant is a single unit nuclear reactor located on the southwest shore of Lake Erie near Oak Harbor, Ohio. It is owned and operated by FirstEnergy Corp. According to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Davis-Besse has been the source of two of the top five most dangerous nuclear incidents in the United States since 1979. ...more on Wikipedia about "Davis-Besse"

The Goiânia accident was an incident of radioactive contamination in central Brazil that killed several individuals and injured many others. On September 13, 1987 an old radiation source was scavenged from an abandoned hospital in Goiânia, the capital of the central Brazilian state of Goiás. It was subsequently handled by several people, causing serious contamination and resulting in several deaths. The incident is considered one of the worst accidents involving the improper disposal and handling of radioactive material. ...more on Wikipedia about "Goiânia accident"

The International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) was introduced by the IAEA in order to enable prompt communication of safety significance information in case of nuclear accidents. A number of criteria and indicators are defined to assure coherent reporting of nuclear events by different official authorities. There are 7 levels on the INES scale: ...more on Wikipedia about "International Nuclear Event Scale"

This article lists notable civilian accidents involving nuclear material. Military accidents are listed at List of military nuclear accidents. For a general discussion of both civilian and military accidents, see List of nuclear accidents. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of civilian nuclear accidents"

This article lists notable civilian accidents involving radioactive material. Military accidents are listed at List of military nuclear accidents. For a general discussion of both civilian and military accidents, see List of nuclear accidents. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of civilian radiation accidents"

* March 1, 1954 – During the Castle Bravo nuclear test of the first deployable hydrogen bomb, a miscalcuation results in the explosion being over twice as large as predicted, with a total explosive force of 15 megatons. Of the total 15 megaton yield, 10 megatons were from fission of the natural uranium tamper, but those fission reactions were quite dirty, producing a large amount of fallout. That, combined with the much-larger-than-expected yield, and an unanticipated wind shift, produced a number of very serious consequences. Radioactive fallout was spread eastward onto the inhabited Rongelap and Rongerik atolls, which were soon evacuated. Many of the Marshall Islands natives have since suffered from birth defects and have received some compensation from the Federal government. A Japanese fishing boat, the Fifth Lucky Dragon, also came into contact with the fallout, which caused many of the crew to grow ill; one eventually died. This resulted in an international uproar, and reignited Japanese concerns about radiation, especially in regards to the possibility of contaminated fish. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of military nuclear accidents"

Also some accidents are normal industrial accidents which happen to involve radioactive material, for instance a runaway reaction at Tomsk (see red oil) caused radioactive material to be spread around the site. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of nuclear and radiation accidents" Visit again www.shortopedia.com

Louis Slotin ( December 1, 1910 – May 30, 1946) was a Canadian physicist/ chemist who took part in the Manhattan Project. He died of massive radiation poisoning after a criticality accident at Los Alamos. ...more on Wikipedia about "Louis Slotin"

Mayak is the name of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant between the towns of Kasli and Kyshtym (also transliterated Kishtym or Kishtim) 150 km northwest of Chelyabinsk in Russia. The plant is in the Ozersk central administrative territorial unit, formerly known as Chelyabinsk-40, later as Chelyabinsk-65, and part of the Chelyabinsk Oblast. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mayak"

National Research Universal (NRU) reactor operated by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited is a research reactor that is still considered one of the world's finest for its versatility and high neutron flux. It produces about 60% of the world's supply of molybdenum-99, a critical isotope used for medical diagnoses, as well as other radioisotopes. ...more on Wikipedia about "National Research Universal Reactor"

:For the NRX series of nuclear thermal rocket designs, see NERVA. ...more on Wikipedia about "NRX"

Radioactive contamination is the uncontrolled distribution of radioactive material in a given environment. ...more on Wikipedia about "Radioactive contamination"

The Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL) is a once prolific rocket and nuclear reactor test facility located 30 miles north of downtown Los Angeles, California. It continues to operate today, serving as a research facility for Boeing Corp., but nuclear testing and most rocket testing have been haulted. ...more on Wikipedia about "Santa Susana Field Laboratory"

Sellafield is a village near the coast of the Irish Sea in Cumbria, England, close to the village and railway station of Seascale. ...more on Wikipedia about "Sellafield"

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Seversk ( Russian: Северск) is a town (since 1956) in Tomsk Oblast, Russia. It is located at , on the bank of Tom River. Population is 118,800 ( 2001). It is also known as Tomsk-7. ...more on Wikipedia about "Seversk"

The SL-1, the Stationary Low-Power Reactor Number One, was a U.S. experimental military nuclear power reactor. It was destroyed in the first nuclear power plant accident in the United States. Part of the Army Nuclear Power Program, during design and build it was called the Argonne Low Power Reactor (ALPR). It was intended to provide electrical power and heat for small, remote military facilities, such as radar sites near the Arctic Circle, and those in the DEW Line. The design power was 3 megawatts (thermal). Operating power was 200 kW electrical, 400 kW thermal, for space heating. For testing it was located approximately forty miles (60 km) west of Idaho Falls, Idaho, in the National Reactor Testing Station, at . ...more on Wikipedia about "SL-1"

K-19 was a Hotel class submarine which suffered various severe accidents. It was the first Soviet nuclear submarine equipped with ballistic nuclear missiles. ...more on Wikipedia about "Soviet submarine K-19"

A steam explosion (also called a littoral explosion, or fuel-coolant interaction, fci) is a violent boiling or flashing of water into steam, occurring when water is either superheated, or rapidly heated by fine hot debris produced within it. Pressure vessels that operate at above atmospheric pressure can also provide the proper conditions for a steam explosion. The water changes from a liquid to a gas with extreme speed, increasing dramatically in volume. A steam explosion sprays steam and boiling-hot water and the hot medium that heated it in all directions (if not otherwise confined, e.g. by the walls of a container), creating a danger of scalding and burning. Steam explosions are not normally chemical explosions, although a number of substances will react chemically with steam (for example, zirconium reacts with steam to give off hydrogen, which burns violently in air) so that chemical explosions and fires often follow. Some steam explosions appear to be special kinds of Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion, and rely on release of stored superheat. But many large-scale events (eg 'Foundry Accidents') show evidence of an energy-release front propagating through the material (see description of fci below), where the forces created fragment and mix the hot phase into the cold volatile one; the rapid heat transfer at the front sustains the propagation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Steam explosion"

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