Nuclear weapons Nuclear weapons The 13 steps is a paragraph of the Final Document (agreed by consensus) of the 2000 Review Conference of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, providing a set of 'practical steps for the systematic and progressive efforts to implement Article VI of the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons'. Article VI is the part of the Treaty that provides for nuclear disarmament. ...more on Wikipedia about "13 steps"
The Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice of 8 July 1996 provides one of the few authoritative judicial decisions concerning the legality under international law of the use (or the threatened use) of nuclear weapons. The International Court of Justice is also known as the "World Court" or the "ICJ." ...more on Wikipedia about "Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice of 8 July 1996"
The African Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Treaty, also known as the Treaty of Pelindaba, establishes a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Africa. Signature of the Treaty culminates a 32-year quest for a nuclear free Africa, beginning when the Organization of African Unity formally stated its desire for a Treaty ensuring the denuclearization of Africa at its first Summit in Cairo in July 1964. ...more on Wikipedia about "African Nuclear Weapons Free Zone Treaty"
Atmospheric focusing is a phenomenon occurring when a large shockwave is produced in the atmosphere, as in a nuclear explosion or large extraterrestrial object impact. The shockwave is reflected in the atmosphere so that its impact can be felt in localized areas of destruction hundreds of kilometers from the blast site. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atmospheric focusing"
The Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston (formerly the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston) is situated in the UK, just 7 miles north of Basingstoke and approximately 14 miles south-west of Reading, Berkshire, near a village called Aldermaston, bordering with Tadley. ...more on Wikipedia about "Atomic Weapons Establishment"
(Ballotechnics) The hafnium bomb is a hypothetical explosive device based on a metastable excited state of hafnium-178 (a nuclear isomer, Hf-178m2, half life > 10y, decay energy 2.5 MeV). While this excited state was known as a curiosity for some time, in the 1990s Carl Collins of the University of Texas at Dallas claimed to have discovered a method of inducing it to rapidly decay through exposure to x-rays. As x-rays of the required energy were relatively easy to produce, and the energy of the released gamma rays was far greater than the required energy input, this discovery had considerable applicability as a radiological weapon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ballotechnics"
A Bhangmeter is a type of optical detector used on satellites which are intended to detect atmospheric nuclear detonations. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bhangmeter"
Blue Peacock—dubbed the "chicken-powered nuclear bomb"—was the codename of a British project in the 1950s with the goal to store a number of ten- kiloton nuclear mines in the Rhine area in Germany, to be placed at nearby target locations in the case of war. The mines would have been detonated by wire or an eight-day timer. If they were disturbed they were set to explode within ten seconds. The project was developed at the Armament Research and Development Establishment at Fort Halstead in Kent in 1954. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blue Peacock"
Boosted fission weapons are a type of nuclear bomb that uses a small amount of fusion fuel to increase the rate, and thus yield, of a fission reaction. ...more on Wikipedia about "Boosted fission weapon"
The Canberra Commission on the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons was initiated by the Prime Minister of Australia the Honourable Paul Keating in 1996. The Commission was convened in the Australian Federal Capital City of Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory. The Commission consisted of a number of notable persons including Professor Joseph Rotblat who was the winner of the 1995 Nobel Prize for Peace, Michel Rocard who was the former Prime Minister of France, Robert McNamara who was the former United States Secretary of Defense and then President of the World Bank, General George Butler, the former Commander of the United States Strategic Air Command, Doctor Maj Britt Theorin who was the former President of the International Peace Bureau, Field Marshal the Lord Carver who was the former Chief of the British Defence Staff, Professor Robert O'Neill who is an eminent Australian strategic thinker and who was Chichele Professor of the History of War at Oxford University and Jacques-Yves Cousteau the world renowned swashbuckling oceanographer and seafaring environmentalist activist adventurer. The Canberra Commission was to deliberate on issues of nuclear proliferation and how to eliminate the world of nuclear weapons. Minimal results were achieved as a result of the commission, however there is now less nuclear weapons in the world than what there used to be. ...more on Wikipedia about "Canberra Commission on the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons"
A cobalt bomb, a type of salted bomb, is a form of nuclear weapon, initially proposed by physicist Leó Szilárd, in which, instead of additional fissionable material like U-235, the weapon's tamper is made of ordinary cobalt metal (or has cobalt placed in close proximity to the fissionable material). This would be transmuted into the isotope cobalt-60 upon detonation and bombartment by neutron radiation. Cobalt-60 is a very strong emitter of gamma rays as it undergoes beta decay, and is currently used for beneficial purposes in nuclear medicine. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cobalt bomb"
The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) bans all nuclear explosions in all environments, for military or civilian purposes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty"
The M-388 Davy Crockett was a tactical nuclear recoilless rifle projectile that was deployed by the United States during the Cold War. ...more on Wikipedia about "Davy Crockett (nuclear device)"
The term dirty bomb is most often used to refer to a Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD), a radiological weapon which combines radioactive material with conventional explosives. Though an RDD is designed to disperse radioactive material over a large area, the conventional explosive would likely have more immediate lethal effect than the radioactive material. At levels created from most probable sources, not enough radiation would be present to cause severe illness or death. A test explosion and subsequent calculations done by the Department of Energy found that assuming nothing is done to clean up the affected area and everyone stays in the affected area for 1 year, the radiation exposure would be "fairly high". However, recent analysis of the Chernoblyl fallout seems to show that many people are hardly affected over 5 years and more. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dirty bomb" The Ultimate www.shortopedia.com Machine.
A doomsday device is a hypothetical construction — usually a weapon — which could destroy all life on the Earth, or destroy the Earth itself (bringing " doomsday", a term used for the end of the world). ...more on Wikipedia about "Doomsday device"
Dual-use is a term often used in politics and diplomacy to refer to technology which can be used for both peaceful and military aims, usually in regard to the proliferation of nuclear weapons. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dual-use technology"
The "Enduring Stockpile" is the name of the United States's arsenal of nuclear weapons following the end of the Cold War. ...more on Wikipedia about "Enduring Stockpile"
The Farm Hall transcripts were made during and after the second world war in Britain over the possibility of Germany producing an atomic bomb during the war. ...more on Wikipedia about "Farm Hall"
Faslane Peace Camp is a controversial permanent peace camp sited outside the US- UK Faslane Naval base gates in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It has been occupied continually since 1982. ...more on Wikipedia about "Faslane Peace Camp"
The Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty is a proposed international treaty to prohibit the further production of weapons-grade uranium and plutonium. It would not prevent the production of fuel-grade uranium and plutonium, nor of other components in nuclear warheads. It is currently being negotiated in the United Nations Conference on Disarmament. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty"
The Force de frappe (literally Striking Force; meant for dissuasion, i.e. Deterrence) is the designation of what used to be a triad of air, sea and land based French Nuclear Forces, part of the Military of France. France has the fourth largest nuclear force in the world, after the United States, China, and Russia. ...more on Wikipedia about "Force de frappe" shortopedia - Go in quickly.
The General Dynamics Ground Launched Cruise Missile, or GLCM, (officially designated BGM-109G Gryphon) was the US Air Force's counter to the mobile medium- and intermediate- range ballistic nuclear missiles deployed by the Soviet Union in Eastern Bloc European countries during the latter years of the Cold War. The GLCM and the US Army's Pershing II were the incentives that fostered Soviet willingness to sign the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF treaty), and thus reducing both the number and the threat of nuclear warheads in Europe. GLCM is also a generic term for any ground-launched cruise missile. Since the US deployed only one modern cruise missile in the tactical role, the GLCM name stuck. ...more on Wikipedia about "GLCM"
Gun-type fission weapons are fission-based nuclear weapons whose design assembles their fissile material into a supercritical mass by the use of the "gun" method: shooting one piece of sub-critical material into another. Although this is sometimes pictured as two sub-critical hemispheres shot together to make a supercritical sphere, typically a core is shot into a ring-shaped receptor (such that the core cannot pass through the ring but gets stuck, and such that the combination has a compact shape). Its name is a reference to the fact that it is shooting the material through an artillery barrel as it would a projectile. Other potential arrangements may include firing two pieces into each other simultaneously, though whether this approach has been used in actual weapons designs is unknown. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gun-type fission weapon"
The history of nuclear weapons chronicles the development of nuclear weapons—devices of enormous destructive potential which derive their energy from nuclear fission or nuclear fusion reactions—starting with the scientific breakthroughs of the 1930s which made their development possible, continuing through the nuclear arms race and nuclear testing of the Cold War, and finally with the questions of proliferation and possible use for terrorism in the early 21st century. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of nuclear weapons"
When the Soviet Union exploded their own atomic bomb (dubbed " Joe 1" by the U.S.) in 1949, it caught Western analysts off guard, and President Harry S. Truman ordered a crash program to develop a hydrogen bomb in early 1950. Many scientists returned to Los Alamos to work on the "Super" program, but the initial attempts still seemed highly unworkable. In the "classical Super", it was thought that the heat alone from the fission bomb would be used to ignite the fusion material, but this proved to be impossible. For awhile, many scientists thought (and many hoped) that the weapon itself would be impossible to construct. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of the Teller-Ulam design" http://www.shortopedia.com , this is it!
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