Ophthalmology Ophthalmology Balint's syndrome, identified by Rezső (Rudolf) Bálint in 1909, is characterized by optic ataxia (the inability to accurately reach for objects), optic apraxia (the inability to voluntarily guide eye movements/ change to a new location of visual fixation), and simultanagnosia (the inability to preceive more than one object at a time, even when in the same place). Balint's syndrome is the result of visual binding deficits. ...more on Wikipedia about "Balint's syndrome"
Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome and Laurence-Moon-Biedl-Bardet redirect here. See below for an explanation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bardet-Biedl syndrome"
Base curve radius, or BCR, is a parameter of a contact lens. Typical values are from 7.9 to 9.3 mm. The base curve is the radius of the sphere that the back of the contact lens describes. Contact lenses must fit well to the wearer's cornea in order to be comfortable and to facilitate tear exchange and oxygen transmission. ...more on Wikipedia about "Base curve radius"
Critics of the Bates Method concede that most of the Bates techniques are harmless, apart from the possibility that faith in the Bates system could deter people with eye conditions requiring prompt care from seeking conventional treatment. (One of his original exercises, however, involved looking directly at the sun, which in some situations may be dangerous; a 1940 revision of his book modified this by suggesting that the sun shine on closed eyes.) ...more on Wikipedia about "Bates Method"
Best's disease, or vitelliform degeneration, is a disease inherited from parents caused by the chromosome 11 in a karyotype. Vision loss occurs but peripheral vision is kept. There is no treatement. ...more on Wikipedia about "Best's disease"
In ophthalmology, birdshot retinochoroidopathy is a form of uveitis, an eye inflammation. It is suspected to be an autoimmune disease, and is associated with the haplotype Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A29 in 99% of the cases. Therefore if birdshot retinochoroidopathy is suspected, a person would be tested to determine if they are HLA-A29 positive; only a small percentage of the general population is positive for this gene. ...more on Wikipedia about "Birdshot retinochoroidopathy"
Blepharitis is an eruption producing inflammation of eyelids and eyelashes. It is characterized by white flaky skin near the eyelashes. Blepharitis usually causes redness of the eyes and itching and irritation of the eyelids. ...more on Wikipedia about "Blepharitis"
The blue field entoptic phenomenon or Scheerer's phenomenon is the appearance of tiny bright dots moving quickly along squiggly lines in the visual field, especially when looking into blue light (such as the sky). ...more on Wikipedia about "Blue field entoptic phenomenon"
A cataract (origin is from Latin cataracta, a waterfall, and from Greek kataraktes, katarrhaktes, from katarassein, to dash down, from kata-, down + arassein, to strike, dash.) ** is any opacity which develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its envelope. Cataracts form for a variety of reasons, including long term ultraviolet exposure, secondary effects of diseases such as diabetes, or simply due to advanced age; they are usually a result of denaturation of lens proteins. Genetic factors are often a cause of congenital cataracts and may also play a role in predisposing someone to cataracts. Some cataract formation is to be expected in any person over the age of 70. Fully half of all people between the ages of 65 and 74 and about 70% of those over 75 have some cataract formation. Cataracts may also be produced by eye injury or physical trauma. A study among Icelandair pilots showed commercial airline pilots as three times as likely to develop cataracts as people with non-flying jobs. This is thought to be caused by radiation coming from outer space. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cataract"
Cataract surgery is the removal of the lens of the eye that has developed a cataract. The natural lens is then replaced with an artificial intraocular lens. It is one of the safest and most successful procedures in all of medicine. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cataract surgery"
Central serous retinopathy (CSR), also known as central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), is a visual impairment, often temporary, usually in one eye, affecting males in the age group 20 to 50. The disorder is characterized by leakage of fluid in the central macula, which results in blurred or distorted vision ( metamorphopsia). A blind or gray spot in the central vision is common, along with flashes of light ( photopsia). ...more on Wikipedia about "Central serous retinopathy"
A chalazion, also known as a Meibomian gland lipogranuloma, is a cyst in the eyelid that is caused by inflammation of the meibomian gland, usually on the upper eyelid. Chalazions differ from hordeolums in that they are usually painless apart from the tenderness caused when they swell up. A chalazion may eventually disappear on its own after a few months, though more often than not, some treatment is necessary. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chalazion"
Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is named after the Swiss naturalist Charles Bonnet. In 1760 he described a condition in which vivid, complex visual hallucinations (fictive visual percepts) occur in mentally healthy people. He first documented it in his 87 year old grandfather, who was nearly blind from cataracts in both eyes but perceived men, women, birds, carriages, buildings, tapestries and scaffolding patterns. Most who are affected by this are people with visual impairments due to old age, damage to the eyes or optic pathways. ...more on Wikipedia about "Charles Bonnet syndrome"
Chorioretinitis is an inflammation of the choroid and retina of the eye. The symptoms are the presence of floating black spots and blurry vision. Chorioretinitis is often caused by a toxoplasmosis infection and mostly affects young children. It is treated with a combination of corticosteroids and antibiotics. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chorioretinitis" The article you are reading is from www.shortopedia.com
A coloboma is the term used to describe a hole in one of the structures of the eye, such as the lens, eyelid, iris, retina, choroid or optic disc. The hole is present from birth and can be caused when a gap between two structures in the eye, which is present early in development in the womb, fails to close up completely before a child is born. A coloboma can occur in one or both eyes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Coloboma"
A cone dystrophy is an inherited ocular disorder characterized by the loss of cone cells, the photoreceptors responsible from both central and color vision. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cone dystrophy"
Congenital lacrimal duct obstruction (CLDO) is literally a tear duct that has failed to open at the time of birth. With up to 20% of all babies presenting with this in the first month of life, this is a normal variation. It presents with a persistant watery eye often with discharge too. ...more on Wikipedia about "Congenital lacrimal duct obstruction"
Conjunctivitis (commonly called "pinkeye") is an inflammation of the conjunctiva (the outermost layer of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids), often due to infection. ...more on Wikipedia about "Conjunctivitis"
Convergence insufficiency is a sensory and neuromuscular anomaly of the binocular vision system, characterized by an inability to converge the eyes or sustain convergence. ...more on Wikipedia about "Convergence insufficiency"
A cornea transplant, also known as a corneal graft or penetrating keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by donated corneal tissue which has been removed from a recently deceased individual having no known diseases which might affect the viability of the donated tissue. The cornea is the clear part of eye in front of the iris and pupil. The surgical procedure is performed by ophthalmologists, medical doctors who specialize in eyes, and are often done on an outpatient basis (The patient goes home following surgery). ...more on Wikipedia about "Cornea transplant"
Corneal abrasion is a medical condition involving the loss of the surface epithelial layer of the eye's cornea. ...more on Wikipedia about "Corneal abrasion" shortopedia - Go in quickly. shortopedia
A corrective lens is a lens worn on or before the eye, used to treat myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. The most common types of corrective lenses are spectacle lenses and contact lenses. Intraocular lenses are also beginning to become common. Myopia (short sightedness) requires biconcave or diverging lenses, whereas hypermetropia (long sightedness) requires biconvex or converging lenses. ...more on Wikipedia about "Corrective lens"
Cosopt is a drug for lowering pressure in the eye to normal levels, as well as for the treatment of glaucoma. Cosopt is a combination of two chemicals, one called dorzolamide hydrochloride and another called timolol maleate. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosopt"
Cycloplegia is the paralysis of the ciliary muscle, resulting in a loss of accommodation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cycloplegia"
Cyclospasm is the contraction of the ciliary muscle in the eye, in the accommodation of focus for near vision. Cyclospasm may also exert tensions on the trabecular meshwork, opening the pores and facilitating outflow of the aqueous humour into the canal of Schlemm. The increase in aqueous humour outflow is desirable for patients with glaucoma. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cyclospasm"
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