Particle physics facilities

The Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) is a scientific user facility at Argonne National Laboratory. ALTAS is the first superconducting linear accelerator for heavy ions at energies in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier. ...more on Wikipedia about "Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System"

The Belle Experiment is a particle physics experiment conducted by the Belle Collaboration, an international collaboration of more than 400 physicists and engineers investigating CP-violation effects at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organisation ( KEK) in Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. ...more on Wikipedia about "Belle experiment"

The Bevatron was a particle accelerator at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. It began operating in 1954, and the antiproton was discovered there in 1955, resulting in the 1959 Nobel Prize in physics for Emilio Serge and Owen Chamberlain. It accelerated protons into a fixed target, and was named for its ability to impart energies of Billions of eV. It was finally decomissioned in 1993. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bevatron"

Brookhaven National Laboratory, is a national laboratory located in Upton, New York on Long Island, and was formally established in 1947 at the site of Camp Upton, a former U.S. Army base. Brookhaven is operated for the United States Department of Energy by Brookhaven Science Associates. It is staffed by over 3,000 scientists, engineers, technicians, and support personnel, and hosts 4,000 guest investigators every year. Discoveries made at the lab have won six Nobel Prizes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Brookhaven National Laboratory"

A Calutron was a mass spectrometer used for separating the isotopes of uranium developed by Ernest O. Lawrence during the Manhattan Project. Its name is a concatenation of Cal. U.-tron, in tribute to the University of California, Lawrence's institution and the contractor of the Los Alamos laboratory. They were implemented for industrial scale uranium enrichment at the Oak Ridge, Tennessee Y-12 plant established during the war and provided much of the uranium used for the " Little Boy" nuclear weapon, which was dropped onto Hiroshima in 1945. ...more on Wikipedia about "Calutron"

CERN is the Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (European Organization for Nuclear Research ), the world's largest particle physics laboratory, situated on the border between France and Switzerland, just west of Geneva. It is also known for being the birthplace of the World Wide Web. The convention establishing it was signed on 29 September 1954. From the original 12 signatories of the CERN convention, membership has grown to the present 20 member states. ...more on Wikipedia about "CERN"

The Cosmotron was a particle accelerator, specifically a proton synchrotron, at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Its construction was approved by the Atomic Energy Commission in 1948, it reached its full energy in 1953, and it continued running until 1968. It was the first particle accelerator to impart kinetic energy of in the range of GeV to a single particle, accelerating protons to 3.3 GeV. It was also the first accelerator to allow the extraction of the particle beam for experiments located physically outside the detector. It was used to observe a number of mesons previously seen only in cosmic rays, and to make the first discoveries of heavy, unstable particles (called V particles at the time). ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmotron"

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The DESY (Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, "German Electron Synchrotron") is the biggest German research center for particle physics, with sites in Hamburg and Zeuthen. ...more on Wikipedia about "DESY"

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), located in Batavia near Chicago, Illinois, ( Google Sat Map ) is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory specializing in high-energy particle physics, operated for the Department of Energy by the Universities Research Association (URA). URA is a consortium of 90 leading research oriented universities primarily in the United States, with members also in Canada, Japan, and Italy. Founded in 1967 as the National Accelerator Laboratory, it was renamed in honor of Enrico Fermi in 1974. Fermilab's Tevatron is a landmark particle accelerator; in fact, at four miles in circumference, it is the world's highest energy particle accelerator. In 1995, both the CDF and D0 (detectors which utilize the Tevatron) experiments announced the discovery of the top quark. In addition to high energy collider physics, Fermilab is also host to a number of smaller fixed target experiments and neutrino experiments, such as MiniBooNE (the Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment) and the NuMI (Neutrinos at the Main Injector)/ MINOS (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search) experiment. The MiniBooNE detector is a 40-foot (12-meter) diameter sphere which contains 800 tons of mineral oil lined with 1520 individual phototube detectors. An estimated 1 million neutrino events are recorded each year. The NuMI/MINOS experiment uses a particle accelerator at Fermilab to produce an intense beam of neutrinos that travels 450 miles through the Earth to the Soudan mine in Minnesota. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fermilab"

HERA (Hadron-Elektron-Ringanlage, or Hadron-Electron Ring Accelerator) is a particle accelerator at DESY in Hamburg. Its operation started in 1992. At HERA, electrons or positrons are collided with protons at a center of mass energy of 318 GeV. It is the only lepton- proton collider in the world today. Also, it is still on the energy frontier in certain regions of the kinematic range. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hadron Elektron Ring Anlage"

The International Linear Collider is a proposed linear particle accelerator. As of 2005, it is planned to have a collision energy of 500 to 1000 GeV, and to be completed in the late 2010s. It will collide electrons with positrons. It will be around 40 km long, more than 10 times as long as the Stanford Linear Accelerator, the longest exisiting linear particle accelerator. The proposal was previously known by various names in different regions; see below. ...more on Wikipedia about "International Linear Collider"

The ISR (Intersecting Storage Rings) was a particle accelerator at CERN. It was the world's first hadron collider, and ran from 1971 to 1984, with a maximum center of mass energy of 62 GeV. From its initial startup, the collider itself had the capability to produce particles like the J/ψ and the upsilon, as well as observable jet structure; however, the particle detector experiments were not configured to observe events with large momentum transverse to the beamline, leaving these discoveries to be made at other experiments in the mid- 1970s. Nevertheless, the construction of the ISR involved many advances in accelerator physics, including the first use of stochastic cooling, and it held the record for luminosity at a hadron collider until surpassed by the Tevatron in 2004. ...more on Wikipedia about "Intersecting Storage Rings"

The ISIS facility is a scientific research institution, situated at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire, UK. It contains a pulsed or spallation neutron source, the most powerful in the world, which enables muon and neutron scattering science to probe the structure and properties of matter, from the atomic to the biological scales. It provides a powerful research tool for universities and companies across many disciplines, including physics, chemistry, materials engineering, biology and even archaeology. ...more on Wikipedia about "ISIS neutron source"

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (高エネルギー加速器研究機構 Kō Enerugī Kasokuki Kenkyū Kikō), commonly known as KEK, is the high-energy physics research organization in Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. The two major accelerators are the 12 GeV Proton Synchrotron (scheduled for decommissioning in 2005 or 2006) and the KEKB electron- positron collider. J-PARC proton accelerator is under construction in Tokaimura. ...more on Wikipedia about "KEK"

KEKB is the name of the accelerator used in the Belle Experiment to study CP violation. It is an asymmetric electron- positron collider located at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organisation ( KEK) in Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. ...more on Wikipedia about "KEKB"

The Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP) is one of the largest particle accelerators finished so far. ...more on Wikipedia about "Large Electron-Positron Collider"

The Large Hadron Collider (short LHC) is a particle accelerator and collider located at CERN. It is currently under construction and scheduled to start operation in 2007. It will become the world's largest particle accelerator. It uses the 27 km circumference tunnel created for the Large Electron Positron (LEP) collider. In contrast to the previous it will collide protons (one type of hadron particle) instead of electrons and positrons. The protons used will have an energy of 7 TeV each (total collision energy of 14 TeV). Five experiments will be built to utilize the LHC. Two of them, ATLAS and CMS are large, "general purpose" particle detectors. The other three ( LHCb, ALICE, and TOTEM) are smaller and more specialized. ...more on Wikipedia about "Large Hadron Collider"

A list of particle accelerators used for particle physics experiments. Some early particle accelerators that more properly did nuclear physics, but existed prior to the separation of particle physics from that field, are also included. Although a modern accelerator complex usually has several stages of accelerators, only accelerators whose output has been used directly for experiments are listed. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of accelerators in particle physics"

The Neutrino Factory is a proposed particle accelerator complex intended to measure in detail the properties of neutrinos, extremely weakly-interacting fundamental particles that can travel in straight lines through normal matter for thousands of kilometres without interacting. Up until the 1990s, neutrinos were assumed to be massless, but inconsistent experimental results from searches for solar neutrinos (those produced in the Sun's core) and others, indicated that they did in fact have masses, just very small ones. ...more on Wikipedia about "Neutrino Factory"

Positron-Electron Tandem Ring Accelerator (PETRA) is one of the particle accelerators at DESY in Hamburg, Germany. From 1978 to 1986 it was used to study electron- positron collisions. In one of these studies the first direct evidence for gluons was found in three jet events. The modification called PETRA-II is a source of high-energy synchrotron radiation and also a pre-accelerator for the HERA. A planned upgrade in 2007 will convert it to PETRA-III, which will be a high intensity source for synchrotron radiation. ...more on Wikipedia about "PETRA"

The Proton Synchrotron (PS) was the first major particle accelerator at CERN, built as a 28 GeV proton accelerator in 1959. It was reused as the initial accelerator for the Intersecting Storage Rings and Super Proton Synchrotron, and will be reused in the same capacity for the Large Hadron Collider. ...more on Wikipedia about "Proton Synchrotron"

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The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC, pronounced 'Rick') is a heavy- ion collider located at and operated by Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York. It is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science , Office of Nuclear Physics. The RHIC project had a line-item budget of 616.6 million US dollars. The fiscal year 2005 operational budget is 106 million US dollars. The total investment by 2005 is approximately 1.1 billion US dollars. ...more on Wikipedia about "Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider"

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator-based neutron source being built in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). SNS is being designed and constructed by a unique partnership of six DOE national laboratories: Argonne, Lawrence Berkeley, Brookhaven, Jefferson, Los Alamos, and Oak Ridge. ...more on Wikipedia about "Spallation Neutron Source"

(Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) :This is an article about the particle physics research facility. For other uses of SLAC, see SLAC (disambiguation). ...more on Wikipedia about "Stanford Linear Accelerator Center"

The Stanford Linear Collider was a linear accelerator that collided electrons and positrons at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The center of mass energy was about 90 GeV, equal to the mass of the Z boson, which the accelerator was designed to study. It began taking data on Z's in 1991, but its measurements were largely overshadowed by the LEP collider at CERN, which began running in 1989. ...more on Wikipedia about "Stanford Linear Collider"

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