Perception Perception An absolute threshold is the minimum amount of stimulation required for a person to detect a stimulus fifty percent of the time. ...more on Wikipedia about "Absolute threshold"
An affordance is a property of an object, or a feature of the immediate environment, that indicates how to interface with that object or feature. The empty space within an open doorway, for instance, affords movement across that threshold. A couch affords the possibility of sitting down on it. ...more on Wikipedia about "Affordance"
Certain images are interpreted by the Visual system in more than one way. These visual patterns are thus called ambiguous images that are famous for inducing the phenomenon of multistable perception. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ambiguous image"
A backward message (also known as backward masking or backmasking) is a supposed subliminal message hidden in an audio recording that is only fully apparent when played backwards. ...more on Wikipedia about "Backward message"
"The binding problem is, basically, the problem of how the unity of conscious perception ...more on Wikipedia about "Binding problem"
A contrast effect is the enhancement or diminishment, relative to normal, of a perception and related performance as a result of immediately previous or simultaneous exposure to a stimulus of lesser or greater value in the same dimension. (In this definition a "normal" perception is one free of immediate related context, greater or lesser, more appealing or less appealing.) ...more on Wikipedia about "Contrast effect"
Coordination or Co-ordination is the regulation of diverse elements into an integrated and harmonious operation. Coordination means integrating or linking together different parts of an organization to accomplish a collective set of tasks. ...more on Wikipedia about "Coordination"
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In the philosophy of perception, critical realism is the theory that some of our sense-data (for example, those of primary qualities) can and do accurately represent external objects, properties, and events, while other of our sense-data (for example, those of secondary qualities and perceptual illusions) do not accurately represent any external objects, properties, and events. In short, critical realism refers to any position that maintains that there exists an objectively knowable, mind-independent reality, whilst acknowledging the roles of perception and cognition. ...more on Wikipedia about "Critical realism"
Falling is movement due to gravity. By analogy, falling has other uses not directly related to gravity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Falling"
Geons are simple 3-dimensional forms such as spheres, cubes, cylinders, cones or wedges. One theory of object recognition, Recognition by components (RBC) (Biederman, 1987), proposes that visual input is matched against structural representations of objects in the brain. These structural representations consist of geons and their interrelations (e.g., an ice cream cone could be broken down into a sphere located above a cone). Geons can be used to represent a large number of possible objects with very few components; e.g., 24 geons can be recombined to create over 10 million different two-geon objects. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geon (psychology)"
Gestalt psychology (also Gestalt theory of the Berlin School) is a theory of mind and brain that proposes that the operational principle of the brain is holistic, parallel, and analog, with self-organizing tendencies. The classic Gestalt example is a soap bubble, whose spherical shape (its Gestalt) is not defined by a rigid template, or a mathematical formula, but rather it emerges spontaneously by the ...more on Wikipedia about "Gestalt psychology"
Immaterialism is the theory propounded by Bishop Berkeley in the 18th century which holds (very briefly) that there are no material objects, only minds and ideas in those minds. Berkeley summarized his theory with the motto "esse est percipi" ("To be is to be perceived"), but went on to elaborate it with God as the source of consensus reality and other particulars. ...more on Wikipedia about "Immaterialism"
Indirect realism, also known as indirect perception, and epistemological dualism, is the view in cognitive psychology that perception functions via internal representations of external reality. It is sometimes considered to be the same as representationalism. Indirect realism is problematical because of Ryle's regress and the apparent need for a homunculus. These problems have led some philosophers to abandon realism and suggest the existence of dualism and others to propose, or suggest through emergentism, that some form of new physics is operating in the brain such as quantum mind, space-time theories of consciousness etc. ...more on Wikipedia about "Indirect realism"
The interstimulus interval is the time between two or more stimuli. For instance, Max Wertheimer did experiments with two stationary, flashing lights that at some interstimulus intervals appeared to the subject as moving instead of stationary. In these experiments, the ISI is simply the time between the two flashes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Interstimulus interval"
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In psychophysics, the just noticeable difference (usually abbreviated as jnd, using lowercase letters) is the smallest difference in a sensory input that is perceivable by a human being or other animal. It is also known as the differential threshold or difference limen. ...more on Wikipedia about "Just noticeable difference"
Lip reading, also known as speech reading, is a technique of understanding spoken language without hearing its sounds. Practitioners learn the phonemes associated with the shape and attitude of the mouth and infer words from what they view. It is often used by the deaf and hard of hearing, combining watching the movements of the lips and face with information provided by the situation (context), language, and any residual hearing. Exaggerated mouthing of words is not helpful and may destroy useful clues. However, it is possible to learn to emphasize these clues - this is called lip speaking. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lip reading"
The following is an incomplete list of backward messages found in various forms of media including music and video games. An entry is listed as "alleged" if the intentional inclusion of the backward message is debatable or unconfirmed, as "deliberate" if its inclusion is clearly intentional, as " parody" if the message itself is meant to make fun of backward messages, and as "fictional" if the message does not really exist but is referenced somewhere (for example, in a television show). ...more on Wikipedia about "List of backward messages"
Description: Introduction to psychology for general public and students. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of publications in psychology"
The McGurk effect is a perceptual phenomenon which indicates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception. It suggests that speech perception is multimodal; it involves information from more than one sensory modality. The McGurk effect is sometimes called the McGurk-MacDonald effect. ...more on Wikipedia about "McGurk Effect"
The mirror test is a measure of self-awareness developed by Gordon Gallup Jr. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mirror test"
Multimodal integration, also known as multisensory integration, is the integration in the brain of inputs from the various senses, to form multimodal representations or percepts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Multimodal integration"
Multistable perceptual phenomena are a rare form of visual perception, characterized by an unpredictable sequence of spontaneous subjective changes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Multistable perception"
Neural adaptation or sensory adaptation is a change over time in the responsiveness of the sensory system to a constant stimulus. It is usually experienced as a change in the stimulus. For example, if one rests one's hand on a table, one immediately feels the table's surface on one's skin. Within a few seconds, however, one ceases to feel the table's surface. The sensory neurons stimulated by the table's surface respond immediately, but then respond less and less until they may not respond at all; this is neural adaptation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Neural adaptation"
Ocular tremor is eye tremor that assists vision. "Visual processes deteriorate rapidly in the absence of retinal image motion." Journal of Vision A more thorough definition is: ocular microtremor (OMT) is a constant, physiological, high frequency (peak 80Hz), low amplitude (estimated at c. 30"arc) tremor of the eye. It is present in all normal individuals even when the eye is at rest and is due to the constant activity of brainstem oculomotor units. In coma there is a loss of high frequency components of tremor and the extent of this reduction is related to the patient's prognosis. Abnormalities of the OMT record are seen in neurological conditions such as parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis and the frequency spectrum changes with age. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ocular tremor"
Some philosophers, such as Jeremy Bentham and Baruch Spinoza, have hypothesized that the sensations of pain and pleasure are part of a continuum. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pain and pleasure"
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