Petroleum production Petroleum production Casing is used in a well completion to contain production fluids and convey them to the surface from an oil reservoir. Casing installation follows the running of conductor pipe during the drilling of a well. ...more on Wikipedia about "Casing (oilfield)"
The casing hanger is that portion of a wellhead assembly which provides support for the casing string when it is lowered into the wellbore. It serves to ensure that the casing is properly located. ...more on Wikipedia about "Casing hanger"
In petroleum extraction, a christmas tree is an assembly of valves, spools and fittings for an oil well, named for its resemblance to a decorated tree. ...more on Wikipedia about "Christmas tree (oilfield)"
In petroleum geology and chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules (e.g. kerogens or heavy hydrocarbons) are converted to simpler molecules (e.g. light hydrocarbons) by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors. The rate of cracking and the end products are strongly dependent on the temperature and presence of any catalysts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cracking (chemistry)"
Directional drilling (sometimes known as slant drilling outside the oil industry) is the science of drilling non-vertical wells. Directional drilling can be broken down into three main groups; Oilfield Directional Drilling, Utility Installation Directional Drilling (commonly known as H.D.D./Horizontal Directional Drilling) and in-seam directional drilling (Coal-Bed methane). ...more on Wikipedia about "Directional drilling"
Drill bits are the cutters of drill tools. Bits are interchangeable, meaning that they can be removed from the end of the drill, either to replace a worn part or to change the size of the part. ...more on Wikipedia about "Drill bit"
In petroleum drilling technology, a drill string in an oil rig is the column, or string, of drill pipe with attached tool joints that transmits fluid and rotational power from the kelly drive or top drive to the drill collars and bit. Often, especially in the oil patch, the term is loosely applied to both drill pipe and drill collars. ...more on Wikipedia about "Drill string"
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Drilling mud, also called drilling fluid, is a lubricant used while drilling oil and natural gas wells. ...more on Wikipedia about "Drilling mud"
A drilling rig or oil rig is a structure housing equipment used to drill for oil or natural gas from underground reservoirs. Sometimes a drilling rig is also used to complete (prepare for production) the well. However, the rig itself is not involved with the extraction of the oil, its primary function is to make a hole in the ground so that the oil can be produced. Drilling rigs can also be used to drill for water or for exploration purposes, or to obtain mineral core samples. ...more on Wikipedia about "Drilling rig"
The Fischer-Tropsch process is a catalyzed chemical reaction in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into liquid hydrocarbons of various forms. Typical catalysts used are based on iron and cobalt. The principal purpose of this process is to produce a synthetic petroleum substitute. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fischer-Tropsch process"
A Floating oil production system is an offshore system that concentrates on producing oil. ...more on Wikipedia about "Floating oil production system"
A Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessel (FPSO; also called a "unit" and a "system") is a type of floating tank system used by the offshore oil and gas industry and designed to take all of the oil or gas produced from a nearby platform (s), process it, and store it until the oil or gas can be offloaded onto waiting tankers, or sent through a pipeline. A FSO is a similar system, but without the possibility to do any processing of the oil or gas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Floating Production Storage and Offloading"
A Floating Storage and Offloading unit (FSO) is, as its name suggests, a floating storage device, usually for oil. ...more on Wikipedia about "Floating storage and offloading unit"
Gas lift is one of a number of processes used to artificially lift oil or water from wells where there is insufficient reservoir pressure to produce the well. The process involves injecting gas down the well through tubing or through the tubing-casing annulus. Injected gas aerates the fluid to make it less dense; the formation pressure is then able to lift the oil column and forces the fluid out of the wellbore. Gas may be injected continuously or intermittently, depending on the producing characteristics of the well and the arrangement of the gas-lift equipment. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gas lift"
Lignosulfonates, or sulfonated lignin, are water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte polymers, byproducts of the Kraft process and sulfite process for production of wood pulp. They consist part of the black liquor. Chemically, they are sulfonated lignins. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lignosulfonates"
This is a list of states that extract crude oil from oil wells. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of oil-producing states"
Logging While Drilling (LWD), along with "Measurment while Drilling" (MWD) systems provide wellbore directional surveys, petrophysical well logs, and drilling information in real-time while drilling. MWD refers to measurments acquired downhole while drilling that specifically describe directional surveying and drilling-related measurments. LWD refers to petrophysical measurments, similar to openhole wireline logs, acquired while drilling. These systems are based on mud telemetry, where variations in pressure exercised by the tool can be sensed on the surface via a computer, and thus communication is established. ...more on Wikipedia about "Logging While Drilling"
A nodding donkey or pump jack is the overground drive for a submersible pump in a borehole. ...more on Wikipedia about "Nodding donkey"
Non-conventional oil is oil extracted using techniques other than the traditional oil well method. Currently, non-conventional oil production is less efficient and some types have a larger environmental impact relative to conventional oil production. Non-conventional types of production include: tar sands, oil shale, bitumen, biofuels, thermal depolymerization (TDP) of organic matter, and the conversion of coal or natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons through the Fischer-Tropsch process. These non-conventional sources of oil may be increasingly relied upon as fuel for transportation when conventional oil becomes "economicaly non-viable" due to depletion. Conventional sources of oil are currently preferred because they provide a much higher ratio of extracted energy over energy used in extraction and refining processes. Technology, such as using steam injection in tar sands deposits, is being developed to increase the efficiency of non-conventional oil production. ...more on Wikipedia about "Non-conventional oil"
Oil in place is the total hydrocarbon content of an oil reservoir and is often abbreviated STOOIP, which stands for Stock Tank Original Oil In Place. In this case, stock tank refers to the storage vessel containing the oil after production. ...more on Wikipedia about "Oil In Place"
An oil reservoir or petroleum reservoir is often thought of as being an underground " lake" of oil, but it is actually composed of hydrocarbons contained in porous rock formations. ...more on Wikipedia about "Oil reservoir"
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An oil well is a term for any perforation through the Earth's surface designed to find and release both petroleum oil and gas hydrocarbons. ...more on Wikipedia about "Oil well"
Production fluid is the fluid mixture of oil, gas and water in formation fluid that flows to the surface of a well from a reservoir. It's consistency and composition varies. ...more on Wikipedia about "Production fluid"
The production string is a part of a well that is composed of the production tubing and other completion components and serves as the conduit through which the production fluid flows from the oil reservoir to the surface through the wellhead. It's purpose is to both contain the fluids from contaminating the environment or eroding the other well structures, such as the casing. ...more on Wikipedia about "Production string"
Production tubing is a tubular used in a wellbore through which production fluids are produced. Production tubing is run into the drilled well after the casing is run and cemented in place. Along with other components that constitute the production string, it provides a continuous bore from the production zone to the wellhead through which oil and gas can be produced. It is usually between five and ten centimeters in diameter and is held inside the casing through the use of expandable packing devices. If there is more than one zone of production in the well, up to four lines of production tubing can be run. ==References== * petroleum production . Encyclopædia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 17 Nov. 2005. ...more on Wikipedia about "Production tubing" My shortopedia and me.
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