Philosophy of language Philosophy of language The idea of an alphabet of human thought originates in the 17th century, when proposals were first made for a universal language. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alphabet of human thought"
In philosophy, an analytic statement, or analytic proposition, is one such that its truth can be determined (solely) through analysis of its meaning. Loosely defined, an analytic proposition is a proposition the negation of which is self-contradictory, or a proposition that is true in every conceivable world, or a proposition that is true by definition. ...more on Wikipedia about "Analytic proposition"
Analytical Thomism is a movement whose aim is to present the thought of Thomas Aquinas in the style of modern analytic philosophy. The term was first coined by Scottish philosopher John Haldane in the early nineteen-nineties, and refers broadly to philosophers working on the thought of St Thomas using the methods of the analytical tradition (i.e., conceptual analysis). The movement began in the mid-twentieth century at the University of Cambridge, germinating in large part out of lectures given to a few Catholic-minded scholars (particularly Elizabeth Anscombe) by Ludwig Wittgenstein in the years before his death. ...more on Wikipedia about "Analytical Thomism"
According to the semantic analysis of Geoffrey Leech, the associative meaning of an expression has to do with individual mental understandings of the speaker. They, in turn, can be broken up into six sub-types: connotative, collocative, social, affective, reflected and thematic (Mwihaki 2004). ...more on Wikipedia about "Associative meaning"
There are two different understandings of Leibniz's Calculus Ratiocinator in the history of ideas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Calculus ratiocinator"
A causal theory of reference is any of a family of views about how terms acquire specific referents. Such theories have been used to describe reference in regards to all sorts of reference-bearing terms, particularly logically proper names and natural kind terms. In the case of names, for example, a causal theory of reference will typically involve the following claims: ...more on Wikipedia about "Causal theory of reference"
In the philosophy of language, the context principle is a form of semantic holism holding that a philosopher should "never ... ask for the meaning of a word in isolation, but only in the context of a proposition" (Frege [1884/1980] x). It is one of Gottlob Frege's "three fundamental principles" for philosophical analysis, first discussed in his Introduction to the Foundations of Arithmetic (Grundlagen der Arithmetik, 1884). Frege argued that many philosophical errors, especially those related to psychologism in the philosophy of logic and philosophy of mathematics, could be avoided by adhering carefully to the context principle. The view of meaning expressed by the context principle is sometimes called contextualism, but should not be confused with the common contemporary use of the term " contextualism" in epistemology or ethics. The contrasting view, that the meanings of words or expressions can be (or must be) determined prior to, and independently of, the meanings of the propositions in which they occur, is often referred to as compositionalism. ...more on Wikipedia about "Context principle" www.shortopedia.com - forget the rest. shortopedia
The Dissertatio de arte combinatoria was published by Gottfried Leibniz in 1666. It is a youthful work, written before the author had seriously undertaken the study of mathematics. Although it is a very original work and it provided the author the first glimpse of fame among the scholars of his time, he often regretted its publication because he considered it premature. ...more on Wikipedia about "De Arte Combinatoria"
De dicto and de re are two phrases used to mark important distinctions in intensional statements, associated with the intensional operators in many such statements. The distinctions are most recognized in philosophy of language and metaphysics. ...more on Wikipedia about "De dicto and de re"
A definition is usually (but does not have to be) a statement of the essential properties of a certain thing, or a statement of equivalence between one expression and another, usually more complex expression that gives the meaning of the first. These two senses are not mutually exclusive, nor are they equivalent. ...more on Wikipedia about "Definition"
Denotation, in media terminology, is the first level of analysis: what the audience can visually see on a page. Denotation often refers to something literal, and avoids being a metaphor. ...more on Wikipedia about "Denotation"
Descriptivist theory of Names is a view of the nature of the meaning and reference of proper names generally attributed to Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell. The theory consists essentially in the idea that the meanings (semantic contents) of names are identical to the descriptions associated with them by speakers, while their referents are determined to be the objects that satisfy these descriptions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Descriptivist theory of names"
A direct reference theory is a theory of meaning that claims that the meaning of an expression lies in what it points out in the world. It stands in contrast to mediated reference theories. ...more on Wikipedia about "Direct reference theory"
Discourse ethics, sometimes called "argumentation ethics," refers to a type of argument that attempts to establish normative or ethical truths by examining the presuppositions of discourse. ...more on Wikipedia about "Discourse ethics" Tell your friends about shortopedia
In the philosophy of language, an empty name is a proper name that has no referent. ...more on Wikipedia about "Empty name"
In modal logic and the philosophy of language, a flaccid designator (or non-rigid designator) is a term that does not extensionally refer to the same object in all possible worlds. For example, consider the phrase "The 43rd president of the United States of America"; while the 43rd president of the United States is actually George W. Bush, if things had been different, it might have been Al Gore or Ralph Nader instead. (How remote these possible worlds are from the actual world is a discussion for physics and counterfactualism.) "Flaccid designators" are defined by contrast with Saul Kripke's notion of a rigid designator, which pick out the same thing in every possible world where they pick out anything at all; while there are possible worlds in which the 43rd president of the United States is Al Gore instead of George W. Bush, there are no possible worlds where George W. Bush is anyone other than the man who, in fact, he is. (There are worlds where some person other than George W. Bush is named "George W. Bush," but that's neither here nor there.) Kripke uses this apparent asymmetry to argue (in Naming and Necessity) that no definite description (which can designate flaccidly) can be the meaning of a proper name (which, Kripke argues, always designate rigidly.) ...more on Wikipedia about "Flaccid designator"
An illocutionary act is any speech act that amounts to stating, questioning, commanding, promising, and so on. It is an act performed in saying something, as contrasted with a locutionary act, the act of saying something, the locution and also contrasted with a perlocutionary act, an act performed by saying something. ...more on Wikipedia about "Illocutionary act"
The indeterminacy of translation is a thesis propounded by Willard Van Orman Quine, perhaps the most famous analytic philosopher of the 20th century. The classic statement of this thesis can be found in his 1960 book Word and Object, which gathered together and refined much of Quine's previous work on subjects other than formal logic and set theory. The indeterminacy of translation is also discussed at length in his Ontological Relativism (1977). ...more on Wikipedia about "Indeterminacy of translation"
Inferential role semantics (also: conceptual role semantics, functional role semantics, procedural semantics) is an approach to the theory of meaning heavily influenced by Ludwig Wittgenstein's later philosophy in that it identifies meaning with use. Some versions ...more on Wikipedia about "Inferential role semantics"
A language-game is a philosophical term of art developed by Ludwig Wittgenstein, referring to simple examples of language use and the actions into which the language is woven. ...more on Wikipedia about "Language-game"
Linguistic determinism is the idea that language shapes thought. ...more on Wikipedia about "Linguistic determinism"
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The linguistic turn refers to a major development in Western philosophy during the 20th century, the most important characteristic of which is the focusing of philosophy, and consequently also the other humanities, on language as constructing reality. ...more on Wikipedia about "Linguistic turn"
(List of publications in philosophy) * Plato, Charmides ...more on Wikipedia about "List of publications in philosophy"
Logical Atomism is a philosophical belief that originated in the early 20th century with the development of Analytic philosophy. Its principal exponents were the British philosopher Bertrand Russell, the early work of his Austrian-born colleague Ludwig Wittgenstein, and his German counterpart Rudolf Carnap. ...more on Wikipedia about "Logical atomism"
Logical positivism (later referred to as logical empiricism, rational empiricism, and also neo- positivism) is a philosophy that originated in the Vienna Circle in the 1920s. Logical positivism holds that philosophy should aspire to the same sort of rigor as science. Philosophy should provide strict criteria for judging sentences true, false and meaningless. ...more on Wikipedia about "Logical positivism"
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