Phoenicia Phoenicia Arpad was a city located in north-western Syria. Today the site is known as Tell Rif'at. In 743 BCE, Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III led a military expedition to Syria, defeating there an army of Urartu. But the city of Arpad, which had formed an alliance with Urartu, did not surrender easily. It took Tiglath-pileser three years of siege to conquer Arpad, whereupon he massacred its inhabitants and destroyed the city. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arpad (Syria)"
Arwad, located in the Mediterranean Sea, is the only island in Syria. The town of Arwad takes up the entire island. It is located 3 km from Tartous, Syria's second-largest port. Today, it is mainly a fishing town. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arwad"
Modern Baalbek ( Arabic: بعلبك) is a town in the Bekaa valley of Lebanon, altitude 3,850 ft (1,170 m), situated east of the Litani River. It is famous for its exquisitely detailed but monumentally scaled temple ruins of the Roman period, when Baalbek, known as Heliopolis was one of the largest sanctuaries in the Empire. ...more on Wikipedia about "Baalbek"
The Battle of Karkar (or Qarqar) was fought in 853 BC when the army of Assyria, led by king Shalmaneser III, encountered an allied army of 12 kings at Karkar led by Hadadezer of Damascus. This battle is notable for having a larger number of combatants than any previous battle, and for being the first instance some peoples enter recorded history (such as the Arabs). It is recorded on The Kurkh Monolith. ...more on Wikipedia about "Battle of Karkar"
Beirut ( , transliterated Bayrūt - the French name, Beyrouth, was also commonly used in English in the past) is the capital, largest city and chief seaport of Lebanon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Beirut"
Cadmus, or Kadmos (Greek: Κάδμος), in Greek mythology, was the son of the king of Phoenicia and brother of Europa. His father is either Agenor or Phoenix son of Agenor. See Agenor and Phoenix. Cadmus founded the city of Thebes, originally named Cadmeia in his honor. Also according to Greek myth, Cadmus' descendents ruled on-and-off for several generations, including the time of the Trojan War. For a discussion of the mythical kings of Thebes, see Theban kings - Greek mythology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cadmus"
Canaan or Kná an ( Arabic کنعان, Hebrew כְּנַעַן, Septuagint Greek Χανααν) is an ancient term for a region roughly corresponding to present-day Israel/ Palestine including the West Bank, western Jordan, southern and coastal Syria and Lebanon continuing up until the border of modern Turkey. ...more on Wikipedia about "Canaan"
Eshmunazar(אשמנעזר) was the name of several Phoenician kings of Sidon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eshmunazar"
Canon George Rawlinson ( 23 November, 1812 – 7 October, 1902), was a 19th century English scholar and historian. He was born at Chadlington, Oxfordshire, and was the younger brother of Sir Henry Rawlinson. ...more on Wikipedia about "George Rawlinson"
Hiram I ( Hebrew חִירָם "high-born", Standard Hebrew Ḥiram, Tiberian Hebrew Ḥîrām) was king of Tyre from 969 BC to 936 BC, succeeding his father, Abibaal. During his reign, Tyre grew from a satellite of Sidon into the most important of Phoenician cities, and the holder of a large trading empire. Hiram suppressed the rebellion of the first Tyrean colony at Utica, near the later site of Carthage. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hiram I"
Ithobaal I (or Ethbaal) (reigned 887 - 856 BC) was a king of Tyre who founded a new dynasty. During his reign, Tyre expanded its power on the mainland, making all of Phoenicia its territory as far north as Beirut, including Sidon, and even a part of the island of Cyprus. At the same time, Tyre also built new overseas colonies: Botrys (now Batrun) near Byblos, and Auza in Libya. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ithobaal I"
Jezebel (אִיזֶבֶל / אִיזָבֶל ("not exalted") Standard Hebrew Izével/Izável, Tiberian Hebrew, ʾÎzéḇel / ʾÎzāḇel) is the name of two women in the Hebrew Bible. ...more on Wikipedia about "Jezebel (biblical)"
Latakia ( Arabic: اللاذقية Al-Ladhiqiyah, Greek:Λαοδικεία) is the principal port city of Syria. Its population is 554,000. ...more on Wikipedia about "Latakia"
(Marada) *Phares, Walid. Lebanese Christian Nationalism: The Rise and Fall of an Ethnic Resistance. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995. ...more on Wikipedia about "Marada" The article you are reading is from shortopedia
Philo of Byblos (Herennios Philon), (ca 64 - 141 CE) was an antiquarian writer of grammatical, lexical and historical works in Greek, whose name "Herennius" makes it appear that he was a client of the Consul suffectus Herennius Severus, through whom Philo could have achieved the status of a Roman citizen. Philo wrote a dictionary of synonyms, a collection of scientific writers and their works organized by category, a catalogue of cities with their famous citizens and a Vita of the Emperor Hadrian. Some of his work is known to us by titles only; others have survived in fragmentary quotes in Christian authors. ...more on Wikipedia about "Philo of Byblos"
Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coastal plains of what are now Lebanon and Syria. Phoenician civilization was an enterprising maritime trading culture that spread right across the Mediterranean during the first millennium BC. Though ancient boundaries of such city-centered cultures fluctuated, the city of Tyre seems to have been the southernmost. Sarepta between Sidon and Tyre, is the most thoroughly excavated city of the Phoenician homeland. Although the people of the region called themselves the Canaani or Kenaani, the name Phoenicia became common thanks to the Greeks who called them the Phoiniki - Φοινίκη (Phoiníkē; see also List of traditional Greek place names); the Greek word for Phoenician was synonymous with the colour purple/red or crimson, φοῖνιξ (phoinix), through its close association with the famous dye Tyrian purple (cf also Phoenix). The dye was used in ancient textile trade, and highly desired. The Phoenicians became known as the 'Purple People'. ...more on Wikipedia about "Phoenicia"
List of Phoenician kings and high priests ...more on Wikipedia about "Phoenician chronology"
Phoenician was a language originally spoken in the coastal region then called Pūt in Phoenician, Canaan in Phoenician, Hebrew and Aramaic, and Phoenicia in Greek and Latin. Phoenician is a Semitic language of the Canaanite subgroup, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. This area includes modern-day Lebanon, coastal Syria and northern Israel. Its speakers called their own language (dabarīm) Pōnnīm/Kana'nīm "Phoenician/Canaanite (speech)". ...more on Wikipedia about "Phoenician languages"
A form of Lebanese nationalism based on emphasizing the pre- Arab and Phoenician origins of the Lebanese. The term is most often used by the detractors of this approach as few Lebanese, whether nationalistic or not, apply this term to themselves. Thus, the word Phoenicianism is often employed in a pejorative way. ...more on Wikipedia about "Phoenicianism"
Punic (from Latin pūnicus) was a Latin version of the term "Phoenician". (After the Punic Wars, Romans used this term as an adjective meaning "treacherous".) ...more on Wikipedia about "Punic"
Pygmalion (also known as Pumayyaton) was king of Tyre from 820 to 774 BC and a son of King Mattan I (829-821 BC). ...more on Wikipedia about "Pygmalion of Tyre"
Sanchuniathon or Sanchoniathon or Sanchoniatho is the purported Phoenician author of three lost works originally in Phoenician, surviving only in partial paraphrase and summary of a Greek translation by Philo of Byblos, according to the Christian bishop Eusebius of Caesarea. These few fragments comprise the most extended literary source concerning Phoenician religion in either Greek or Latin. ...more on Wikipedia about "Sanchuniathon"
Sarepta (modern Sarafand, Lebanon) was a Phoenician city on the Mediterranean coast between Sidon and Tyre. It was excavated by James B. Pritchard over five years ( 1969– 74). Generally speaking, most of the Phoenician objects that have been recovered were scattered among Phoenician colonies and trading posts; carefully-excavated colonial sites are in Spain, Sicily, Sardinia and Tunisia. The sites of many Phoenician cities, like Sidon and Tyre, are still occupied, unavailable to archaeology except in highly restricted chance sites, usually much disturbed. Sarepta is the exception, the one Phoenician city in the heartland of the culture that has been unearthed and thoroughly studied. Pritchard rewrote his professional reports for a wider public in Recovering Sarepta, A Phoenician City ( 1976). ...more on Wikipedia about "Sarepta"
In Hebrew and several other Semitic languages, shofet (plural shoftim) literally means "Judge", from the verb "Š-F-T", "to pass judgment". In ancient Israel, the shoftim were chieftains who united various Israelite tribes in time of mutual danger to defeat foreign enemies. See Book of Judges for more details. ...more on Wikipedia about "Shofet"
Sidon, Zidon or Saida, ( Arabic صيدا Ṣaydā; Hebrew צִידוֹן, Standard Hebrew Ẓidon, Tiberian Hebrew Ṣîḏōn) is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is on the Mediterranean coast, about 25 miles north of Tyre and 30 miles south of the capital Beirut. Its name means a fishery. ...more on Wikipedia about "Sidon"
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