Photosynthesis

(1,3-bisphosphoglycerate) 1,3-bisphosphogylcerate (1,3BPG), also known as PGAP. ...more on Wikipedia about "1,3-bisphosphoglycerate"

An action spectrum is the rate of a physiological activity plotted against wavelength of light. ...more on Wikipedia about "Action spectrum"

The antenna complex is an array of chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane that transfer energy to a pair of chlorophyll a molecules at the reaction center of a photosystem. ...more on Wikipedia about "Antenna complex"

An ATP synthase ( ) is a general term for an enzyme that can synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate by utilizing some form of energy. The overall reaction sequence is: ...more on Wikipedia about "ATP synthase"

C3 carbon fixation is a metabolic pathway for carbon fixation in photosynthesis. This process converts carbon dioxide and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP, a 5-carbon sugar) into 3-phosphoglycerate through the following reaction: ...more on Wikipedia about "C3 carbon fixation"

The Calvin cycle (or Calvin-Benson cycle or carbon fixation) is a series of biochemical reactions that takes place in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms. It was discovered by Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson at the University of California, Berkeley. James Bassham also made important contributions to elucidating this pathway. It is one of the light-independent reactions and occurs in the stroma. ...more on Wikipedia about "Calvin cycle"

The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere of the Earth. (Other bodies may have carbon cycles, but little is known about them.) ...more on Wikipedia about "Carbon cycle"

A carbon dioxide sink or CO₂ sink is a carbon reservoir that is increasing in size, and is the opposite of a carbon "source". The main sinks are the oceans and growing vegetation. The concept has become more widely known through its application by the Kyoto Protocol. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carbon dioxide sink"

Carbon fixation is a process found in autotrophs, usually driven by photosynthesis, whereby carbon dioxide is converted into organic compounds. In plants, there are three types: ...more on Wikipedia about "Carbon fixation"

Carotenoids are organic pigments that are naturally occurring in plants and some other photosynthetic organisms like algae, some types of fungus and some bacteria. ...more on Wikipedia about "Carotenoid"

In organic chemistry, a chlorin is a large heterocyclic aromatic ring consisting, at the core, of 3 pyrroles and one reduced pyrrole coupled through 4 methine linkages. Unlike a porphyrin, a chlorin is therefore largely aromatic but not aromatic through the entire circumference of the ring. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chlorin"

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts capture light energy from the sun to produce the free energy stored in ATP and NADPH through a process called photosynthesis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chloroplast"

The compensation point is the point during photosynthesis where the rate of photosynthesis exactly matches the rate of respiration; i.e. the input of CO₂ or O₂ is the same as the output of the other. ...more on Wikipedia about "Compensation point"

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a carbon fixation pathway in some photosynthetic plants. CAM is usually found in plants living under arid conditions, including those found in the desert (for example, cacti or pineapple). It is named after the plant family it was first discovered in, the Crassulaceae. ...more on Wikipedia about "Crassulacean acid metabolism"

Cyanobacteria ( Greek: cyanos = blue) are a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis. They are often referred to as blue-green algae, even though it is now known that they are not directly related to any of the other algal groups, which are all eukaryotes. Nonetheless, the description is still sometimes used to reflect their appearance and ecological role. Fossil traces of cyanobacteria are claimed to have been found from around 3.8 billion years ago, but recent evidence has sparked controversy over this assertion. See: Stromatolite ...more on Wikipedia about "Cyanobacteria"

The cytochrome b₆f complex (plastoquinol—plastocyanin reductase; EC 1.10.99.1 ) of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria transfers electrons between the two reaction center complexes of oxygenic photosynthetic membranes, photosystem I and photosystem II, and participates in formation of the transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient by also transferring protons from the stromal to the internal lumen compartment. It is minimally composed of four subunits: cytochrome b₆, carrying a low- and a high-potential heme groups (b_L and b_H); cytochrome f with one covalently bound heme c; Rieske iron-sulfur protein (ISP) containing a single [Fe₂S₂] cluster; and subunit IV (17 kDa protein). In its structure and functions, the cytochrome b₆f complex bears extensive analogy to the cytochrome bc₁ complex of mitochondria and photosynthetic purple bacteria. However, there are important differences between the two complexes: ...more on Wikipedia about "Cytochrome b6f complex"

Cytochrome f is the largest subunit of cytochrome b₆f complex (plastoquinol—plastocyanin reductase; EC 1.10.99.1 ). The crystal structures of soluble (lumen-side) domain of cytochrome f reveal two structural domains: a small one above a larger one which, in turn, is on top of the attachment to the membrane domain. The large domain consists of an antiparallel β-sandwich and a short heme-binding peptide, which form a three-layer structure. The small domain is inserted between two β-strands of the large domain and is an all-β domain. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cytochrome f"

(C₄ carbon fixation) :For other meanings of C4, see C4 (disambiguation) ...more on Wikipedia about "C₄ carbon fixation"

DHAP (or Dihydroxyacetonephosphate) is a biochemical compound involved in many reactions, from the Calvin Cycle in plants to the ether-lipid biosynthesis process in Leishmania mexicana. ...more on Wikipedia about "DHAP"

Ferredoxins are iron-sulfur proteins that mediate electron transfer in a range of metabolic reactions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ferredoxin"

Food chains and food webs or food networks describe the feeding relationships between species in a biotic community. In other words, they show the transfer of material and energy from one species to another within an ecosystem. ...more on Wikipedia about "Food chain"

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) is a 3 carbon metabolic intermediate. ...more on Wikipedia about "Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate"

Glycerate 3-phosphate (GP) or 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). ...more on Wikipedia about "Glycerate 3-phosphate"

A granum (plural grana) is a stack of thylakoids in the chloroplast, an organelle found in plants and eukaryotic algae where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts can have from 10 to 100 grana. They use photoexicited electrons to convert solar energy (sunlight) into chemical energy (sugar and oxygen) ...more on Wikipedia about "Granum"

:This article is about the leaf, a plant organ. See Leaf (disambiguation) for other meanings. ...more on Wikipedia about "Leaf"

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