Physical anthropology Physical anthropology Anthropometry ( Greek ανθρωπος, man, and μετρον, measure, literally meaning "measurement of humans"), in physical anthropology, refers to one aspect of human variation: The different body sizes and proportions of individuals belonging to different populations. In modern American usage, at least, it specifically refers to measurement of living individuals, not the bones of deceased individuals ( osteometry or craniometry). ...more on Wikipedia about "Anthropometry"
Caucasoid is a racial classification usually used as part of a system also including Australoid, Mongoloid, Negroid, and sometimes others such as Capoid. == Geographic scope == Physical anthropology defines Caucasoid with a pattern of physical traits typical of humans indigenous to an area centered on Europe, the Mediterranean, West Asia and South Asia. Populations near the edge of this area in North Africa show features transitional between Caucasoid and Negroid, while much of Central Asia shows features transitional between Caucasoid and Mongoloid. Occasionally populations in distant areas, such as the Ainu, have been said to have some Caucasoid physical traits, but in overall genetics they have been found to resemble their immediate neighbors. == Semantic scope == The term Caucasoid is most used in discussions of human prehistory and in the forensic analysis of human remains. The suffix -oid indicates "a similarity, not necessarily exact, to something else", so Caucasoid can therefore be expected to refer to a wider range of people currently considered Caucasian. ...more on Wikipedia about "Caucasoid"
The cephalic index is the ratio of the maximum breadth of the head to its maximum length (i.e., in the horizontal plane, or front to back), sometimes multiplied by 100 for convenience. It was defined by Swedish professor of anatomy Anders Retzius (1796-1860) and first used in physical anthropology to classify ancient human remains found in Europe. It has been generally discredited since a study Franz Boas made at the turn of the 19th/20th century; however, Boas's study has recently been itself heavily criticised (v. Sparks & Jantz, 2002, at Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences, USA). ...more on Wikipedia about "Cephalic index"
Craig Stanford is a professor in the departments of Anthropology and Biology at the University of Southern California. ...more on Wikipedia about "Craig Stanford"
Craniometry is the technique of measuring the bones of the skull. ...more on Wikipedia about "Craniometry"
Forensic anthropology is the application of the science of physical anthropology and human osteology (the study of the human skeleton) in a legal setting, most often in criminal cases where the victim's remains are more or less skeletonized. A forensic anthropologist can also assist in the identification of deceased individuals whose remains are decomposed, burned, mutilated or otherwise unrecognizable. The adjective "forensic" refers to the application of this subfield of science to a court of law. ...more on Wikipedia about "Forensic anthropology"
The Mankind Quarterly is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to physical anthropology and cultural anthropology and associated with the Pioneer Fund. It contains articles on human evolution, intelligence, ethnography, languages, race, etc. It is published by Scott-Townsend Publishers ** and was founded in 1960, aiming to reunify biology with anthropology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mankind Quarterly"
Mildred Trotter ( February 3, 1899 - August 23, 1991), is an important 20th century forensic anthropologist. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mildred Trotter"
Osteology is the scientific study of bones. A part of anatomy, osteology deals with the structure of bones, the process of ossification (from cartilaginous molds), the resistance and hardness of bones ( biophysics), etc. ...more on Wikipedia about "Osteology"
Paleoanthropology is the branch of physical anthropology (often called biological anthropology) that focuses on the study of human evolution, tracing the anatomic and genetic linkages of pre-humans from millions of years ago up to modern times. ...more on Wikipedia about "Paleoanthropology"
Physical anthropology, sometimes called "biological anthropology", studies the mechanisms of biological evolution, genetic inheritance, human adaptability and variation, primatology, primate morphology, and the fossil record of human evolution. See also: Race. ...more on Wikipedia about "Physical anthropology"
Prognathism refers to a forward-slanting facial profile as is common in the classic Negroid, or "Africoid", racial phenotype. ...more on Wikipedia about "Prognathism"
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