Physical chemistry Physical chemistry Absorption, in chemistry, is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a process in which atoms, molecules, or ions enter some bulk phase - gas, liquid or solid material. This is a different process from adsorption, since the molecules are taken up by the volume, not by surface. A more general term is sorption which covers adsorption, absorption, and ion exchange. ...more on Wikipedia about "Absorption (chemistry)"
Actinism is a property of radiation (particularly solar radiation) that leads to the production of photochemical effects. Actinism is derived from Greek with the meaning a radiant force. The word actinism seems to be used particularly in terms of imaging technology especially photography although it is used in medical literature for photo-biochemical effects such as a sunburn or radiation exposure from ultraviolet rays and in chemistry for containers that protect from photo-degradation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Actinism"
In chemistry, adsorption of a substance or adsorbate is its concentration on a particular surface of adsorbent. The result is the formation of a liquid or gas film on the surface of a solid body. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adsorption"
The amagat is a dimensionless measure of density in terms of density at standard temperature and pressure. It is named after Emile Amagat, who also has Amagat's law named after him. ...more on Wikipedia about "Amagat"
An azeotrope is a liquid mixture of two or more components which has a unique constant boiling point. An azeotrope may boil at a higher, lower, or intermediate temperature relative to the constituent liquids, and the liquid retains the same composition as it is boiled. As a consequence, the vapor has the same composition as the liquid and simple distillation will not separate the constituents as it would with most liquid mixtures; to get a higher concentration it is necessary to use azeotropic distillation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Azeotrope"
BET theory is a well-known rule for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface. In 1938, Stephen Brunauer, Paul Hugh Emmett, and Edward Teller published an article about the BET theory in a journal1 for the first time; “BET” consists of the first initials of their family names. ...more on Wikipedia about "BET theory"
The Bjerrum length refers to the approximate distance within which electrostatic interactions dominate thermal motions for two charges, usually with the value of 0.7 nanometres in pure water. It is expected that two charged species lying a distance of greater than 0.7 nm apart in a pure aqueous medium will feel no electrostatic force between them. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bjerrum length" Please visit again http://www.shortopedia.com shortopedia
Capillarity causes the part of the surface of a liquid in contact with a solid, to be either elevated above (e.g. water), or depressed below (e.g. mercury), the rest of the surface. This trait is named for the behaviour of liquids in capillary tubes placed perpendicular to the surface. The forces operating within capillarity are cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension. ...more on Wikipedia about "Capillarity"
Chemical equilibrium is the state in which a chemical reaction proceeds at the same rate as its reverse reaction; the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, and the concentration of the reactants and products stop changing. When this condition is met, there is no change in the proportions i.e. concentrations of the various compounds involved, and it appears that the reaction ceases to progress. However the forward and the reverse reactions continue to occur at the same rates. A common example given is the Haber-Bosch process, in which hydrogen and nitrogen combine to form ammonia. Equilibrium is reached when the rate of production of ammonia equals its rate of decomposition. Le Chatelier's principle describes qualitative predictions that can be made about chemical equilibrium. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chemical equilibrium"
CIDNP (Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization) is a non-Boltzmann nuclear spin state distribution produced in thermal or photochemical reactions, usually from colligation and diffusion, or disproportionation of radical pairs, and detected by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as enhanced absorption or emission signals. CIDNP was discovered in 1967 by Bargon and Fischer, and, independently, by Ward and Lowler. Early theories were based on dynamic nuclear polarisation (hence the name). The subsequent experiments, however, have found that in many cases DNP fails to explain CIDNP polarization phase. In 1969 an alternative explanation was proposed by Closs, and, independently, by Kaptein and Oosterhoff, which relied on the ability of nuclear spin interactions to alter the recombination probability in reactions that proceed through radical pairs. This mechanism, known as the 'Radical Pair Mechanism' is currently accepted as the most common cause of CIDNP. There are, however, exceptions, and the DNP mechanism was found to be operational, for example, in many fluorine-containing radicals. ...more on Wikipedia about "CIDNP"
Cohesion or cohesive attraction or cohesive force in chemistry is the intermolecular attraction between like- molecules. Cohesion explains phenomena such as surface tension. Capillary action for example described in the Cohesion-tension theory related to botany is considered a mix of cohesion and adhesion. Cohesion is produced by the intermolecular forces. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cohesion (chemistry)"
The copper coulometer is a one of the common application of the copper-copper(II) sulfate electrode. Such a coulometer consists of two identical copper eletrodes immersed into the slightly acidic pH-buffered solution of the copper(II) sulfate. Passing of the current through the element leads to the anodic dissolution of the metal on anode and simultaneous deposition of the copper-ions on the cathode. These reactions have 100% efficiency over a wide range of the current densities. Amount of the quantity of electricity passed through the cell can be easily calculated by mass changes of any of the electrodes: ...more on Wikipedia about "Copper coulometer"
The Copper-copper(II) sulfate electrode is a type of reference electrode, based on the redox reaction with participation of the metal ( copper) and its salt - copper(II) sulfate. ...more on Wikipedia about "Copper-copper(II) sulfate electrode"
In chemistry, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is defined as the concentration of surfactants in free solution in equilibrium with surfactants in aggregated form. ...more on Wikipedia about "Critical micelle concentration" Good to know www.shortopedia.com.
In thermodynamics, the cryoscopic constant,Kf, allows one to relate molality with freezing point depression. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cryoscopic constants"
Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. The higher an object's density, the higher its mass per volume. The average density of an object equals its total mass divided by its total volume. A denser object (such as iron) will have less volume than an equal mass of some less dense substance (such as water). ...more on Wikipedia about "Density"
Desorption is a phenomenon and process opposite of adsorption, absorption or more general sorption. Desorption process occurs in a system being in the state of adsorption equilibrium between bulk phase (fluid, i.e. gas or liquid solution) and adsorbing surface (solid, or boundary separating 2 fluids) and when the concentration (or pressure) of adsorbed/absorbed/sorbed substance in the bulk phase is lowered. The result is the decrease of the amount of adsorbed/absorbed/sorbed substance. ...more on Wikipedia about "Desorption"
A diamond anvil cell (DAC), is a device used by physicists to exert extreme pressures on a material. It consists of two opposing cone-shaped diamonds squeezed together by a lever arm. The resultant high pressures - of as much as a million atmospheres - are produced when force is applied to small areas of the opposing diamond faces. ...more on Wikipedia about "Diamond anvil cell"
The DLVO theory is named after Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey and Overbeek. ...more on Wikipedia about "DLVO theory"
Donnan equilibrium refers to the distribution of ion species between two ionic solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane or boundary. The boundary layer maintains an unequal distribution of ionic solute concentration by acting as a selective barrier to ionic diffusion. Some species of ions may pass through the barrier while others may not. The solutions may be gels or colloids as well as ionic liquids, and as such the phase boundary between gels or a gel and a liquid can also act as a selective barrier. ...more on Wikipedia about "Donnan equilibrium"
Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry and studies the reactions that can take place at the interface of an electronic conductor (the electrode, which can be a metal or a semiconductor including graphite) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte). ...more on Wikipedia about "Electrochemistry" If you like you could tell us your opinion about http://www.shortopedia.com
Electrolysis of water is an electrolysis process which involves water. This is possible by using a special laboratory glassware called Hoffman's electrolysis apparatus. A power source from a 6 volt battery or D.C. power supply is used. Gases are captured in two tubes, calibrated for precise measurement, with stopcocks for easy release. In the experiment, water is oxidized at the anode and reduced at the cathode. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electrolysis of water"
An electrolyte is a substance that dissociates into free ions when dissolved (or molten), to produce an electrically conductive medium. Because they generally consist of ions in solution, electrolytes are also known as ionic solutions. They are sometimes referred to in abbreviated jargon as lytes. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electrolyte"
In chemistry, electron affinity is the amount of energy absorbed when an electron is added to a neutral isolated gaseous atom to form a gaseous ion with a -1 charge. It has a negative value if energy is released. ...more on Wikipedia about "Electron affinity"
In chemistry, the equilibrium constant is a theoretically-calculated number associated to a reaction which is a useful tool to determine the concentration of various reactants or products in a system where chemical equilibrium occurs. ...more on Wikipedia about "Equilibrium constant" This text is made on www.shortopedia.com
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