Physical geography

The term above mean sea level (AMSL) refers to the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of any object, relative to the average sea level. AMSL is used extensively in radio (both in broadcasting and other telecommunications uses) by engineers to determine the coverage area a station will be able to reach. It is also used in aviation, all heights are recorded and reported with respect to AMSL (though also see flight level). ...more on Wikipedia about "Above mean sea level"

Altitude is the elevation of an object from a known level or datum. Common datums are mean sea level and the surface of the WGS-84 geoid, used by GPS. In North America and the UK altitude is usually measured in feet. Everywhere else in the world the altitude is measured in metres. ...more on Wikipedia about "Altitude"

Antichthones, in geography, are those peoples who inhabit countries on opposite sides of the Earth. The word is compounded of the Greek ὰντὶ, contra, and χθών, terra. ...more on Wikipedia about "Antichthones"

Antipodes (from Greek anti- "opposed" and pous "foot") means "diametrically opposed", and more specifically refers to the opposite side of the Earth, the region of the antipodal point, from where one is located. People living in that region are referred to as "Antipodeans". In the United Kingdom, "The Antipodes" and "Antipodeans" are often used to refer to Australia and New Zealand. ...more on Wikipedia about "Antipodes"

In geography, aspect generally refers to the direction to which a mountain slope faces. For example, a slope on the eastern edge of the Rockies toward the Great Plains is described as having an easterly aspect. A slope which falls down to a deep valley on its western side and a shallower one on its eastern side has a westerly aspect or is a west-facing slope. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aspect (geography)"

Climatology is the study of climate, and is a branch of the atmospheric sciences. In contrast to meteorology, which studies short term weather systems lasting up to a few weeks, climatology studies the frequency with which these weather systems occur. It does not study precise instances of atmospheric phenomena (for example cloud formation, rainfall and thunder), but rather their average occurrence over years to millennia, as well as changes in long-term average weather patterns, in relation to atmospheric conditions. Climatologists, those who practice climatology, study both the nature of climates - local, regional or global - and the natural or human-induced factors that cause climates to change. Climatology considers both past and potential future climate change. ...more on Wikipedia about "Climatology"

The seven climes (klima, plural klimata, meaning "inclination", referring to the angle between the axis of the celestial sphere and the horizon) was a notion of dividing the Earth into zones in Classical Antiquity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Clime"

In geography, a confluence describes the point where two rivers meet and become one, usually when a tributary joins a more major river. ...more on Wikipedia about "Confluence (geography)"

In geography, the elevation of a geographic location is its height above mean sea level (or some other fixed point). Elevation is mainly used when referring to points on the Earth itself, while altitude is used for points in the air, such as an aircraft. Less commonly, elevation is measured from the center of the Earth. Due to Equatorial Bulge, there is debate whether the summits of Mt. Everest or Mt. Chimborazo are at the higher elevation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Elevation"

This is a list of lists of extreme points of the world, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other locations on the landmasses, continents or countries. ...more on Wikipedia about "Extreme points of the world"

Europeans in the 1500s divided the world into four continents: ...more on Wikipedia about "Four continents"

Geomorphology is the study of landforms, including their origin and evolution, and the processes that shape them. The underlying question is: Why do landscapes look the way they do? The term is derived from the Greek geo, meaning Earth, and morph, meaning form. Geomorphologists seek to understand landform history and dynamics, and predict future changes through a combination of field observation, physical experiment, and numerical modeling. The discipline is practiced within geology, geography, archaeology and civil and environmental engineering. Early studies in geomorphology are the foundation for pedology, one of two main branches of soil science. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geomorphology"

Hydrology (from Greek: Yδρoλoγια, Yδωρ+Λoγos, Hydrologia, the "study of water") is the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout the Earth, and thus addresses both the hydrologic cycle and water resources. A practitioner of hydrology is a hydrologist, working within the fields of either earth or environmental science, or civil and environmental engineering. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hydrology"

Hypsography refers to the distribution of elevations on the surface of the Earth, and is sometimes applied to other rocky planets such as Mars or Venus. The term originates from the Greek word "Hypso" meaning height. Most often it is used only in reference to elevation of land but a complete description of Earth's solid surface requires a description of the seafloor as well. Related to the term hypsometry, the measurement of these elevations of a planet's solid surface are taken relative to mean datum, except for Earth which is usually taken relative to the mean sea level. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hypsography"

Hypsometry is the measurement of land elevation relative to sea level. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hypsometry"

An islandlake ( German Inselsee) is a lake within an island. One can take this as an example of an iteration, as in mathematics. ...more on Wikipedia about "Islandlake"

Karst field or karstic field is a large flat plain in karst territory with areas usually 5 to 400 km². Their Slavonic name is polje (lit. "field"). ...more on Wikipedia about "Karst field"

Land elevation occurs in the northern locations where the ice from the last ice age, the Wisconsin glaciation, went over. This pressed down the land, and ever since the ice age ended, about 10,000 years ago, the land been rising. In Scandinavia, the land elevation in the northern parts is up to 1 centimeter per year, or a meter in 100 years, while in the southern parts only maybe 2-3 millimeters yearly. ...more on Wikipedia about "Land elevation"

The land hemisphere, sometimes but not always capitalized as the Land Hemisphere, is a hemisphere on the Earth centered on (near the city of Nantes). The other half of the Earth is the water hemisphere. ...more on Wikipedia about "Land hemisphere"

A landlocked country is one that has no coastline. There are 42 landlocked countries in the world. ...more on Wikipedia about "Landlocked"

Landscape ecology is a subdiscipline of ecology and geography that is the study of spatial variation and interested in landscape elements (such as fields, hedgerows, woodlots, rivers or towns) and how their distribution affects the distribution and flow of energy and individuals in the environment (which, in turn, may influence the distribution of the elements themselves). Landscape ecology typically deals with problems in an applied and holistic context. The term landscape ecology was coined by Carl Troll, a German geographer in 1939 (Troll 1939). He developed this terminology and many early concepts of landscape ecology as part of his early work applying aerial photograph interpretation to studies of interactions between environment and vegetation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Landscape ecology" Please inform your friends about http://www.shortopedia.com

The following is a list of the world's 100 highest mountains, all of which are located in Asia. Only those summits are included that, by an objective measure, may be considered individual mountains as opposed to subsidiary peaks. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of highest mountains"

(List of mountains by elevation) See also: Eight-thousander ...more on Wikipedia about "List of mountains by elevation"

The following places on land have elevations below mean sea level. ...more on Wikipedia about "List of places on land with elevations below sea level"

The lithosphere (from the Greek for "rocky" sphere) is the solid outermost shell of a rocky planet. On the Earth, the lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost layer of the mantle (the upper mantle or lower lithosphere) which is joined to the crust. The lithosphere is broken up into different plates as shown by the picture. ...more on Wikipedia about "Lithosphere"

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