Political science Political science Absolute power, also called absolute authority, is a term used in political science to describe a head of state and head of government that holds supreme executive, judicial and legislative powers. Most modern forms of absolute power are deemed undesirable, especially by proponents of democracy. People that wield such power are often called dictators and tyrants. ...more on Wikipedia about "Absolute power"
The Adam Smith rule, named after Adam Smith, is a simplification of political behavior derived from a study of Oakland, California which was conducted by Frank Levy, Arnold Meltsner, and Aaron Wildavsky and briefly mentioned in Managing Urban America. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adam Smith rule"
An affirmative action bake sale is a controversial campus event used by student groups to illustrate their criticism of affirmative action policies, especially as they relate to college and graduate school admissions. The goal of the technique is to "bring the issue of affirmative action down to everyday terms," according to one bake sale student leader. ** ...more on Wikipedia about "Affirmative action bake sale"
The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) is an organization dedicated to scholarship and the advancement of learning. It serves as a nationwide honor society for the United States. ...more on Wikipedia about "American Academy of Arts and Sciences"
The American Political Science Association, founded in 1903, serves more than 15,000 members in more than 80 countries, bringing a variety of services to political scientists both inside and outside academic institutions. It publishes three journals: American Political Science Review, Perpectives on Politics, and PS: Political Science & Politics. It is headquartered in Washington, DC. ...more on Wikipedia about "American Political Science Association"
Basic Principles of Politics is a political science book written by Francisco J. Moreno. It is published by Creative Arts Book Company (ISBN 0887392091). ...more on Wikipedia about "Basic Principles of Politics"
Behavioralism is a Political Science discipline, modeled after the natural sciences, which seeks to provide a " value free", quantified approach to understanding and predicting political behavior. ...more on Wikipedia about "Behavioralism"
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Bossism, in U.S. history, is a system of political control centering about a single powerful figure (the boss) and a complex organization of lesser figures (the machine) bound together by reciprocity in promoting financial and social self-interest. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bossism"
Bureaucratic collectivism is a theory of class society. It is used by some Trotskyists to describe the nature of the Soviet Union under Stalin, and other similar states in Eastern Europe and elsewhere. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bureaucratic collectivism"
Cabinet collective responsibility is constitutional convention in the states that use the Westminster System. It means that members of the Cabinet must publicly support all governmental decisions made in Cabinet, even if they do not privately agree with them. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cabinet collective responsibility"
Chairman or Chief is a term sometimes used in political science to categorise the style of leadership of a senior executive figure, whether prime ministers, presidents, popes or monarchs. It comes from a book of that name written about the office of Taoiseach (Irish prime ministers) by Professor Brian Farrell of the Department of Politics in University College Dublin in 1971. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chairman or Chief"
Communitarianism as a group of related but distinct philosophies began in the late 20th century, opposing aspects of liberalism and capitalism while advocating phenomena such as civil society. Not necessarily hostile to liberalism in the contemporary American sense of the word, communitarianism rather has a different emphasis, shifting the focus of interest toward communities and societies and away from the individual. The question of priority (individual or community) often has the largest impact in the most pressing ethical questions: health care, abortion, multiculturalism, hate speech, and so on. ...more on Wikipedia about "Communitarianism"
In political science confidence refers to a government's support in the legislature. If a motion of no confidence is passed in a legislature governments are forced to resign. Vote of confidence can be used by a government to prove that it has a support. ...more on Wikipedia about "Confidence (political science)"
Critical international relations theory is a set of schools of thought in international relations that have criticized the status-quo – both from positivist positions as well as postpositivist positions. Positivist critiques include Marxist and Neo-Marxist approaches and Neo-Gramscianism. Some may also consider Social Constructivism as a positivist theory. Postpositivist critiques include postmodernist, postcolonial and feminist approaches, which differ from both realism and liberalism in their epistemological and ontological premises. ...more on Wikipedia about "Critical international relations theory"
The phrase elective dictatorship (also called executive dominance in political science) was coined by the former Lord Chancellor, Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, in a academic paper of the same name written in 1976. It describes the state in which Parliament is dominated by the executive (often referred to in the UK as "the government"). It refers to the fact that the legislative programme of Parliament is determined by the government, and government bills virtually always pass the House of Commons due to the nature of the governing party's majority. ...more on Wikipedia about "Elective dictatorship"
In politics, a federal union is any organization of states or other entities that unite under a federalist system. Usually a federal union will action jointly in matters of defense and foreign relations, with individual states having independence in local matters. Examples of federal unions include the United States of America, the United Arab Emirates, and, in some ways, the European Union. ...more on Wikipedia about "Federal union"
A grand coalition is a coalition government in a parliamentary system where political parties representing a vast majority of the parliament unite in a coalition. The term is most commonly used in countries where there are two dominant parties with different ideological orientations, and a number of smaller parties which are large enough to secure representation in the parliament. Typically in such a country, the two large parties will each try to secure enough seats in any election to have a majority government alone, and if this fails each will attempt to form a coalition with smaller parties that have a similar ideological orientation. Because the two large parties will tend to differ on major ideological issues, they will usually find it more difficult to agree on a common direction for a combined government than with smaller parties. ...more on Wikipedia about "Grand coalition"
With the fall of the Roman Empire, there arose a more diffuse arena for political studies. The rise of monotheism and particularly for the Western tradition, Christianity, brought to light a new space for politics and political action. During the Middle Ages, the study of politics was widespread in the churches and courts. Works such as Augustine of Hippo's The City of God synthesized current philosophies and political traditions with those of Christianity, redefining the borders between what was religious and what was political. Most of the political questions surrounding the relationship between church and state were clarified and contested in this period. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of political science"
The Imagined Community is the concept coined by Benedict Anderson which states that a nation is socially constructed and ultimately imagined by the people who perceive themselves as part of that group. The main causes of the nationalism that derives from the imagined community are: the reduction of privileged access to particular script languages (such as Latin) due to mass literacy, the movement to abolish the ideas of rule by divine right and hereditary monarchy, as well as the emergence of printing press capitalism - all phenomena occurring with the start of the Industrial Revolution. ...more on Wikipedia about "Imagined communities"
This article is about institutions as social mechanisms. Please see Organization article for formal establishments. ...more on Wikipedia about "Institution"
Institutional racism (or structural racism or systemic racism) is a form of racism that occurs in institutions such as public bodies and corporations, including universities. The term was coined by black activist Stokely Carmichael. In the late 1960s he defined the term as "the collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture or ethnic origin". ** In the UK, the inquiry following the murder of Stephen Lawrence accused the police force of being institutionally racist. ...more on Wikipedia about "Institutional racism" Everybody should like http://www.shortopedia.com
International relations theory attempts to provide a conceptual model upon which international relations can be analyzed. Each theory is reductive and essentialist to different degrees, relying on different sets of assumptions respectively. As Oli Holsti describes them, international relations theories act as a pair of colored sunglasses, allowing the wearer to see only the salient events relevant to the theory. An adherent of realism may completely disregard an event that a constructivist might pounce upon as crucial, and vice versa. ...more on Wikipedia about "International relations theory"
The justification of the state is a term that refers to the source of legitimate authority for the state or government. Typically, a justification of the state explains why the state should exist, and what a legitimate state should or should not be able to do. ...more on Wikipedia about "Justification for the state"
Kremlinology is the study of Soviet politics and policies, named after the Kremlin, the seat of the Soviet government. Kremlinologist refers to media, academic and commentary experts that specialized in Soviet Union and the CPSU. Sovietology/Sovietologist are the respective synonyms. ...more on Wikipedia about "Kremlinology"
Legitimacy in political science, is the popular acceptance of a governing regime or law as an authority. Whereas authority refers to a specific position in an established government, the term legitimacy is used when describing a system of government itself —where "government may be generalized to mean the wider " sphere of influence." ...more on Wikipedia about "Legitimacy (political science)"
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