Pre-Indo-Europeans Pre-Indo-Europeans The Basques are an indigenous people who inhabit parts of both Spain and France. Basques, being themselves native to Navarre, are predominantly found in an area known as the Basque Country, consisting of four provinces in Spain and three in France, located around the western edge of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay. The Basques are known in local languages as: ...more on Wikipedia about "Basque people"
The Dispilio Tablet (also known as the Dispilio Scripture or Disk) is a wooden tablet bearing inscribed markings (charagmata), Carbon 14-dated to c7300 years b.p. (5260 BC). It was discovered in 1993 in a Neolithic lakeside settlement near the modern village of Dispilio in Kastoria Prefecture, Greece. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dispilio Tablet"
The Minoan language is a non- Hellenic language of Crete that was spoken before the invasion of Mycenaean armies. It was written in Linear A, a syllabary used extensively up to 1420 BCE, primarily for the purposes of religious inscriptions and administrative records. ...more on Wikipedia about "Eteocretan language"
Etruscan was a language spoken and written in the ancient region of Etruria (current Tuscany) and in parts of what are now Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna (where the Etruscans were displaced by Gauls), in Italy. However, Latin superseded Etruscan completely, leaving only a few documents and a few loanwords in Latin (e.g., persona from Etruscan phersu), and some place-names, like Parma. ...more on Wikipedia about "Etruscan language"
The Iberian language describes a linguistic group identified with the Iberian civilization (7th century BC – 1st century BC), formed in the eastern and south-eastern regions of the Iberian peninsula. The substratum of the Sardinian language has also been identified as Iberian or close to Iberian. These indigenous languages became extinct by the 1st to 2nd centuries AD, after being gradually replaced by Latin. ...more on Wikipedia about "Iberian language"
The Leleges were one of the aboriginal peoples of Greece, the Aegean Sea and southwest Anatolia (compare " Pelasgians"), who were already to be found there when the Indo-European Hellenes arrived. The name Leleges is probably a Greek term itself and not an autonym, or a name these people applied to themselves. According to Apollodorus the name was derived from an eponymous king named Lelex; a comparable etymology, memorializing a legendary founder, is provided by Greek mythographers for virtually every tribe of Hellenes, however. ...more on Wikipedia about "Leleges"
Neolithic Europe refers to the time between the Mesolithic and Bronze Age periods in Europe, roughly from 7000 BCE (the approximate time of the first farming societies in Greece) to ca. 1700 BCE (the beginning of the Bronze Age in northwest Europe). The duration of the Neolithic varies from place to place: in southeast Europe it is approximately 4000 years (i.e., 7000– 3000 BCE); in North-West Europe it is just under 3000 years (ca. 4500–1700 BCE). ...more on Wikipedia about "Neolithic Europe"
The Old European Script (also known as the Vinča alphabet, Vinča script or Vinča-Tordos script) is a name sometimes given to the markings on prehistoric artefacts found in south-eastern Europe. Some believe the markings to be a writing system of the Vinča culture, which inhabited the region around 6000-4000 BC. Others doubt that the markings represent writing at all, citing the brevity of the purported inscriptions and the dearth of repeated symbols in the purported script. ...more on Wikipedia about "Old European Script"
Ancient Greek writers used the name "Pelasgians" ( Gk. Pelasgoí, s. Pelasgós) to refer to groups of people who preceded the Hellenes and still dwelt in several locations in mainland Greece, Crete, and other regions of the Aegean, as neighbors of the Hellenes, into the 5th century. The Greek references to Pelasgians are unanimously in agreement that they spoke a language or dialect that was different enough from Greek dialects so as not to be intelligible to Hellenes. Whether Pelasgian was pre- Indo-European or not, and the extent to which Pelasgian was a single language are modern disputes that are colored by contemporary nationalist issues. Scholars have since come to use the term "Pelasgian", somewhat indiscriminately, to indicate all the autochthonous inhabitants of these lands before the arrival of the Greeks, and in recent times some may apply "Pelasgian" to the indigenous, pre-Indo-European peoples of Anatolia as well. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pelasgians"
Urbian or Urian is a possible Old European or Pre-Indo-European (Pre-IE) language defined by Sorin Paliga. The Proto-Indo-European (Proto-IE) language, the descendants of which should have replaced the Pre-IE language or language family, ought not to include a root corresponding to Latin urbs, as the Proto-IE were nomadic or semi-nomadic (in the Kurgan model and most reconstructions of IE society from the roots). Therefore, a reconstructed *OR/UR- or *OL/UL-, "huge, big, elevated", used also to refer to an urban settlement, may well be the root of a cross-cultural repertory of words, such as Latin urbs, "city", Thracian Az-oros, Uri (Swiss location), Basque uri, iri "township" and Greek lab-yr-inthos and Sumerian Urbillum today the city of Irbil in Iraq. ...more on Wikipedia about "Urbian"
The Vinča culture was an early culture of Europe (between the 6th and the 3rd millennium BC), stretching around the course of Danube in Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria and former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, although traces of it can be found all around the Balkans. ...more on Wikipedia about "Vinča culture"
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