Proteins Proteins 14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory molecules expressed in all eukaryotic cells. 14-3-3 proteins have the ability to bind a multitude of functionally diverse signaling proteins, including kinases, phosphatases, and transmembrane receptors. More than 50 signaling proteins have been reported as 14-3-3 ligands. ...more on Wikipedia about "14-3-3 protein"
AAA or AAA+ is an abbreviation for ATPases Associated with various cellular Activities. It is a protein superfamily in which the member proteins share a highly conserved module of approximately 230 amino acid residues. ...more on Wikipedia about "AAA proteins"
(Acetylseryltyrosylseryliso...serine) The correct title of this article is too long; see below. It appears incorrectly here due to technical restrictions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acetylseryltyrosylseryliso...serine"
Actin-binding proteins ...more on Wikipedia about "Actin-binding protein"
The acyl carrier protein is an important component in both fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide synthases, with the growing polyketide chain bound during synthesis as a thiol ester at the distal thiol of a 4'-phophopantethiene moiety. The protein is expressed in the inactive apo form and the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety must be post-translationally attached to a highly conserved serine residue on the ACP by acyl carrier protein synthase (ACPS) a phosphopantetheinyl transferase. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acyl carrier protein"
An adaptor protein is a protein which is accessory to main proteins in a signal transduction pathway. These proteins tend to lack any intrinsic enzymatic activity themselves but instead mediate specific protein-protein interactions that drive the formation of protein complexes. Examples of adaptor proteins are Shc and Grb2. Much of the specificity of signal transduction depends on the recruitment of several signalling components such as protein kinases and G-protein GTPases into short lived active complexes in response to an activating signal such as a growth factor binding to its receptor. Adaptor proteins usually contain several domains within their structure (e.g., Src homology 2 (SH2) and SH3 domains) which allow specific interactions with several other specific proteins. SH2 domains recognise specific amino acid sequences within proteins containing phosphotyrosine residues and SH3 domains recognise proline-rich sequences within specific peptide sequence contexts of proteins. There are many other types of interaction domains found within adaptor and other signalling proteins which allow a rich diversity of specific and coordinated protein-protein interactions to occur within the cell during signal transduction. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adaptor protein"
Aequorin is a photoprotein isolated from luminescent jellyfish (like various Aequorea species e.g. Aequorea victoria) and a variety of other marine organisms. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aequorin" This article is made on www.shortopedia.com
Albumin is a blood plasma protein that is produced in the liver and forms a large proportion of all plasma protein. Substances containing albumin, such as egg white, are called albuminoids. ...more on Wikipedia about "Albumin"
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a protein that is normally only produced in the fetus during its development. When found in adults, it can be used as a tumor marker. If high levels of AFP are found in amniotic fluid it can indicate a developmental defect in the baby. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alpha-fetoprotein"
Alpha-synuclein is a normal protein found in the brain. It is predominantly a presynaptic neuronal protein of unknown function, but can also be found in glial cells. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alpha-synuclein"
Amiloride-sensitive sodium channels are certain proteins that are located in the membrane of some cells and serve in the transport of sodium ions across the membrane. ...more on Wikipedia about "Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel"
Anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is a complex of several proteins which is activated during mitosis to initiate anaphase. The APC is a ubiquitin ligase or E3 protein that marks target proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The irreversibility of proteolysis is utilized by cells to give cell cycle directionality. ...more on Wikipedia about "Anaphase-promoting complex"
Angiomotin is a 675- residue protein that increases the random migration of endothelial cells as well as the migration of endothelial cells toward growth factors. ...more on Wikipedia about "Angiomotin"
Angiostatin is a human protein. It is a natural angiogenesis inhibitor (i.e. it blocks the growth of new blood vessels), and it is currently underlying clinical trials for its use in anticancer therapy ** . ...more on Wikipedia about "Angiostatin"
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) are produced as a specialised adaptation by certain fish, insects, plants and bacteria. AFPs and AFGPs are capable of lowering the freezing point of a solution in a non-colligative manner by altering the freezing point relative to the melting point. The measured temperature change between the melting point and the freezing point is refered to as thermal hysteresis. AFPs are also capable of preventing the recrystallization of ice, which is a thermodynamically favoured process in ice which involves the growth of large ice crystals at the expense of smaller ice crystals. ...more on Wikipedia about "Antifreeze protein"
Apolipoprotein E, a main apoprotein of the chylomicron, binds to a specific receptor on liver cells and peripheral cells. ApoE is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. The APOE gene is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with APOC1 and APOC2. Defects in apolipoprotein E result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, or type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP III), in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron and VLDL remnants. ...more on Wikipedia about "APOE"
An apoprotein is a protein without its characteristic prosthetic group or metal. ...more on Wikipedia about "Apoprotein"
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit protein containing two Actin-Related Proteins, the eponymous Arp2 and Arp3. Arp2/3 complex was first identified in Acanthamoeba castellanii and has since been found in every eukaryotic organism studied. The complex binds to the sides of existing ("mother") actin filaments, possibly biased toward binding near their barbed ends, and initiates the growth of a new ("daughter") filament at a distinctive 70 degree angle from the mother. ...more on Wikipedia about "Arp2/3 protein"
If terminal sialic acid residues are removed from glycoproteins, the resulting proteins are known as asialoglycoproteins. ...more on Wikipedia about "Asialoglycoprotein"
Member of the Fibroblast Growth Factor family. ...more on Wikipedia about "Basic fibroblast growth factor"
(Beta 2-microglobulin) A small protein that forms part of the Class I MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex). In patients on long-term hemodialysis, it can aggregate into amyloid fibers that deposit in joint spaces, a disease known as dialysis-related amyloidosis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Beta 2-microglobulin"
The Basic Leucine Zipper Domain (bZIP domain) is found in many DNA binding eukaryotic proteins. One part of the domain contains a region that mediates sequence specific DNA binding properties and the Leucine zipper that is required for the dimerization of two DNA binding regions. The DNA binding region comprises a number of basic aminoacids such as arginine and lysine ...more on Wikipedia about "BZIP domain"
Calmodulin (CaM) is a Ca2+-binding protein that is a key component of the Ca2+ second-messenger system and is involved in controlling many of the biochemical processes of cells. ...more on Wikipedia about "Calmodulin"
Calreticulin is a protein that binds Ca2+ ions (a second messenger molecule in signal transduction), rendering it inactive. The Ca2+ is bound with low affinity, but high capacity, and can be released on a signal (see inositol triphosphate). Calreticulin is located in storage compartments associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. ...more on Wikipedia about "Calreticulin"
Casein is the predominant phosphoprotein found in fresh milk. When coagulated with rennet, casein is sometimes called paracasein. British terminology, on the other hand, uses the term caseinogen for the uncoagulated protein and casein for the coagulated protein. As it exists in milk, it is a salt of calcium. ...more on Wikipedia about "Casein"
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