Refractory materials

Aluminium oxide or aluminum oxide is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula ₂ ₃. It is also commonly referred to as alumina in the mining, ceramic, and materials science communities. Alumina is generally available in two concentrations: 99.5% and 96%. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aluminium oxide"

Beryllium nitride, Be₃N₂, is a nitride of beryllium. ...more on Wikipedia about "Beryllium nitride"

A cenosphere is a lightweight, inert, hollow sphere comprised largely of silica and alumina and filled with inert air or gas. Cenospheres are a naturally occurring by-product of the burning process at coal-fired power plants. They are produced at the high temperature of 1,500 to 1,750 degrees Celsius through complicated chemical and physical transformation. The color of cenospheres is light gray and their specific gravity is about 0.4, which gives them a great buoyancy. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cenosphere"

Chamotte is a refractory ceramic material used for lining stoves and furnaces. It has high percentage of silica and alumina. It is made by firing some kinds of fire clay. It tends to be porous and have low density. It is not a superior thermal insulator. It is similar to grog clay. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chamotte"

Chromite, iron magnesium chromium oxide: (Fe,Mg)Cr₂O₄, is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group. Magnesium is always present in variable amounts, also aluminium and iron substitute for chromium. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chromite"

Chromium carbide ( Cr₃ C₂) is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material. It is usually processed by sintering. It has the appearance of a gray powder with orthorhombic crystal structure. Its CAS number is . ...more on Wikipedia about "Chromium carbide"

Cubic Zirconia (or CZ) is zirconium oxide ( ZrO₂), a mineral that is extremely rare in nature but is widely synthesized for use as a diamond simulant. The synthesized material is hard, optically flawless and usually colorless, but may be made in a variety of different colors. It should not be confused with zircon, which is a zirconium silicate (ZrSiO₄). ...more on Wikipedia about "Cubic zirconia"

A Fire brick, firebrick, or refractory brick is a block of refractory ceramic material used in lining furnaces and kilns. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fire brick"

Fireclay is type of clay used for making firebricks and other items capable of withstanding high temperatures. Because of its stability during firing in the kiln, it can be used to make complex items of pottery such as pipes and sanitary ware. ...more on Wikipedia about "Fireclay"

Graphite (named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789, from the Greek γραφειν: "to draw/write", for its use in pencils) is one of the allotropes of carbon. Unlike diamond, graphite is a conductor, and can be used, for instance, as the material in the electrodes of an electrical arc lamp. Graphite holds the distinction of being the most stable form of solid carbon ever discovered. ...more on Wikipedia about "Graphite"

High-temperature Reusable Surface Insulation (HRSI) is refractory ceramic material used as the basis of the heat shielding of the Space Shuttle. HRSI is refined from sand to form 99.8% (high purity) silica amorphous fibre. Raw HRSI must be combined with a silica-based binding agent & aqua before sintering. ...more on Wikipedia about "HRSI"

Magnesium oxide is a white solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium. See also oxide. Has an empirical formula of . It is formed by a ionic bond between one magnesium and one oxygen atom. ...more on Wikipedia about "Magnesium oxide"

Molybdenum disilicide ( , molybdenum silicide, or MOSI2), an intermetallic compound, a silicide of molybdenum, is a refractory ceramic with primary use in heating elements. It has moderate density, melting point 2230 °C, and is electrically conductive. At high temperatures it forms a passivation layer of silicon dioxide, protecting it from further oxidation. Its CAS number is . It is a gray metallic-looking material with tetragonal crystal structure (alpha-modification); its beta-modification is hexagonal and unstable. It is insoluble in acids and soluble in nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. ...more on Wikipedia about "Molybdenum disilicide"

Niobium carbide ( Nb C and Nb₂C) is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material, commercially used in tool bits for cutting tools. It is usually processed by sintering and is a frequent additive in cemented carbides. It has the appearance of a brown-gray metallic powder with purple lustre. It is highly corrosion resistant. ...more on Wikipedia about "Niobium carbide"

Pyrolytic carbon is a material similar to graphite, but with some covalent bonding between its graphene sheets. ...more on Wikipedia about "Pyrolytic carbon"

Refractory materials retain their strength at high temperatures. They are used to make crucibles and to make refractory linings, which line furnaces, kilns and incinerators. The oxides of magnesite and dolomite are the most important refractory materials, though fireclay is widely used as well. Zircon is used when the material must withstand extremely high temperatures. Silicon carbide is another refractory material. It is very strong at high temperatures, but will burn in the presence of oxygen, if the protective silica coating comes off. Refractories must be chosen according to the conditions they will face. For example, carbon cannot be used when it will be in contact with oxygen, as it will burn. Acidic refractories cannot be used in a basic environment and basic refractories cannot be used in acidic environment because they will be eroded. Zircon, fireclay and silica are acidic, dolomite and magnesite are basic and alumina, chromite, silicon carbide, carbon and mullite are neutral. Refractory materials must be strong at high temperatures, resistant to thermal shock, chemically inert, and have low thermal conductivities and coefficients of expansion. ...more on Wikipedia about "Refractory"

Silicon carbide ( ), also known as moissanite, is a ceramic compound of silicon and carbon. ...more on Wikipedia about "Silicon carbide"

The chemical compound silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is the oxide of silicon, chemical formula Si O₂. ...more on Wikipedia about "Silicon dioxide"

Tantalum carbide ( Ta C) is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material, commercially used in tool bits for cutting tools. It is usually processed by sintering. It has the appearance of a brown heavy powder. It is sometimes used as a fine-crystalline additive to tungsten carbide alloys. It is an important cermet material. ...more on Wikipedia about "Tantalum carbide"

Thorium dioxide (ThO₂), also called thorium(IV) oxide (IUPAC) is a white, crystalline powder. It was formerly known as thoria or thorina. It is produced mainly as a by-product of lanthanide and uranium production^[1]. ...more on Wikipedia about "Thorium dioxide"

Titanium carbide, Ti C, is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material, similar to tungsten carbide. It is commercially used in tool bits cutting tools. It has the appearance of off-white powder with cubic crystal structure. It is mainly used in preparation of cermets. ...more on Wikipedia about "Titanium carbide" Whatever You're Into, Get Into http://www.shortopedia.com.

:This article is about the chemical element. "Tungsten" may also refer to the Tungsten Handheld PDA or to the Tungsten pickups. ...more on Wikipedia about "Tungsten"

Vanadium carbide, V C, is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material. It is commercially used in tool bits cutting tools. It has the appearance of gray metallic powder with cubic crystal structure. ...more on Wikipedia about "Vanadium carbide"

Zircon is a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates. Its chemical formula is Zr Si O₄. Hafnium is almost always present ranging from 1 to 4%. The crystal structure of zircon is tetragonal crystal class. The natural color of zircon varies between colorless, yellow-golden, red, brown or green. Colorless specimens that show gem quality are a popular substitute for diamond; these specimens are also known as "Matura diamond" (but note that cubic zirconia is a completely different synthetic mineral with a different chemical composition). ...more on Wikipedia about "Zircon"

Zirconium carbide ( Zr C) is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material, commercially used in tool bits for cutting tools. It is usually processed by sintering. It has the appearance of a gray metallic powder with cubic crystal structure. It is highly corrosion resistant. ...more on Wikipedia about "Zirconium carbide"

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