Regional geology Regional geology The Canadian Shield is a large craton in eastern and central Canada and adjacent portions of the United States, composed of bare rock dating to the Precambrian Era (between 4.5 billion and 540 million years ago). It is also called the Precambrian Shield, Laurentian Shield, or Laurentian Plateau. ...more on Wikipedia about "Canadian Shield"
The Cascadia subduction zone is a very long sloping fault that stretches from mid- Vancouver Island to northern California. It separates the Juan de Fuca Plate and the North American Plate. Here, the oceanic crust of the Pacific Ocean is pushed toward and beneath the continent at a rate of 40 mm/ yr. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cascadia subduction zone"
The Central Lapland Greenstone Belt (CLGB) is located in the northern part of the Fennoscandian Shield. The region belongs to northern Finland. The CLGB is part of a much larger belt of Paleoproterozoic greenstones, a cover of metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks that cover the Archean basement, the latter which is representative of the Archaean Karelian craton. Deposition of the cover sequence occurred between about 2.5 Ga and 1.8 Ga, thus it preserves information about Earth's history from a period that encompass about 700 Ma. ...more on Wikipedia about "Central Lapland Greenstone Belt"
Dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight ( The Palaeontological Association, 2001) ISBN 0-901-702-72-2, is also the title of a field guide to dinosaurs found on the island, by Darren Naish and David Martill. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight"
The islands of Japan are primarily the result of volcanism caused by the subduction of the Philippine Plate and the pacific Plate beneath the continental Eurasian Plate. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geology of Japan"
The Alps arose as a result of the pressure exerted on sediments of the Tethys Ocean basin as its Mesozoic and early Cenozoic strata were pushed against the stable Eurasian landmass by the northward-moving African landmass (the Alpine Orogeny). Most of this occurred during the Oligocene and Miocene epochs. The pressure formed great recumbent folds, or nappes, that rose out of what had become the Tethys Sea and pushed northward, often breaking and sliding one over the other to form gigantic thrust faults. Crystalline rocks, which are exposed in the higher central regions, are the rocks forming Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and high peaks in the Pennine Alps and Hohe Tauern. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geology of the Alps"
The Geology of the British Isles is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the islands. This varied geology has also meant that the country has been an important source for the formation of many geological concepts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geology of the British Isles"
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The geology of the United States, like most topics of scientific study, is undergoing progressive investigation by numerous public- and private-sector earth scientists, academicians, and students. In that regard, the detailed picture is subject to revision and change as knowledge advances. At present, a very good overview of USA geology can be found at the United States Geological Survey web link, below. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geology of the United States of America"
The Australian state of Victoria rests at the southern end of the Great Dividing Range, which stretches along the east coast and terminates near Ballarat. Nearby and fairly distinct, the Grampians may be considered to be the final part of the range. The highest mountains in Victoria (just under 2000m) are the Victorian Alps, located in the northeastern area. ...more on Wikipedia about "Geology of Victoria"
The Iapetus Ocean was an ocean that existed in the Southern Hemisphere between what are now Scotland, England and Scandinavia between 400 and 600 million years ago. ...more on Wikipedia about "Iapetus Ocean"
===Principles of Geology=== ...more on Wikipedia about "List of publications in geology"
The Llano Uplift is a formation of Precambrian rock, primarily granite, in Central Texas in the United States. It is located in the eastern region of the Edwards Plateau, west of the Texas Hill Country. This area is rimmed by limestone ridges. The region is characterized by exposures of Precambrian rock (especially granite and gneiss at lower elevations, as well as large protruding rock formations such as Enchanted Rock. The area includes several major quarries that mine the distinctive pink granite. Furthermore, the area contains the only known deposits of Llanite. ...more on Wikipedia about "Llano Uplift"
The Morrison Formation is a distinctive body of rock in the western United States and Canada that has been the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America. It is composed of mudstone, sandstone, siltstone, and limestone; and is light grey, greenish gray, or red. Most of the fossils occur in the green siltstone beds and lower sandstones, relics of the rivers and floodplains of the Jurassic period. ...more on Wikipedia about "Morrison Formation"
Mount Mazama is a destroyed stratovolcano in the Oregon part of the Cascade Range. The volcano's collapsed caldera holds Crater Lake, and the entire mountain is located in Crater Lake National Park. ...more on Wikipedia about "Mount Mazama"
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Sandiford M., Hand M., Sandra McLaren, S., 2001. Tectonic feedback, intraplate orogeny and the geochemical structure of the crust: a central Australian perspective. In "Polyphase tectonism and reactivation mechanisms in metamorphic belts", Geological Society of London, Special Publication ...more on Wikipedia about "Petermann Orogeny"
Though dinosaur fossils are rare in Australia, dinosaurs found in the Victorian deposits include relics of the Jurassic era, such as a relative of Allosaurus; ornithomimosaurs, ostrich-like carnivorous dinosaurs; ankylosaurs; and members of the family Hypsilophodontidae, the commonest and most diverse group found thus far. The hypsilophodonts give us a big clue as to the habits of the dinosaurs that lived in these polar environments: they possessed large eyes, and casts of their brains show that they possessed enlarged optic lobes, which indicates acute night vision, which in turn suggests that the hypsilophodonts may have lived in the polar areas for most if not all of the year, including the weeks or months-long polar night. ...more on Wikipedia about "Polar dinosaurs in Australia"
The Solnhofen limestone is a Jurassic lagerstätte that preserves a rare assemblage of fossilized organisms, some of which, such as sea jellies, don't ordinarily fossilize at all. Others, like the early bird Archaeopteryx are preserved in such detail that they are among the most famous and most beautiful fossils in the world. ...more on Wikipedia about "Solnhofen limestone"
Wenlock Group (Wenlockian), in geology, is the middle series of strata in the Silurian (Upper Silurian) of Great Britain. This group in the typical area in the Welsh border counties contains the following formations: Wenlock or Dudley limestone, 90-300 ft.; Wenlock shale, up to 1900 ft.; Woolhope or Barr limestone and shale, 150 ft. ...more on Wikipedia about "Wenlock Group"
The Woolwich-and-Reading Beds, in geology, are a series of argillaceous and sandy deposits of lower Eocene age found in the London and Hampshire basins. By the earlier geologists this formation was known as the Plastic Clay so called by T. Webster in 1816 after the Argile plastique of Georges Cuvier and A. Brongniart. It was called the Mottled Clay by J. Prestwich 1n 1846, but in 1853 he proposed the name Woolwich-and-Reading Beds because the other terms were not applicable to the different local aspects of the series. ...more on Wikipedia about "Woolwich-and-Reading Beds"
The Yoredale Series, in geology, is a local phase of the lower Carboniferous rocks of the north of England. The name was introduced by J. Phillips on account of the typical development of the phase in Yoredale (Wensleydale), Yorkshire. In the Yorkshire dales the Carboniferous rocks assume an aspect very different from that which obtains in the S. Beds of detrital sediment, sandstones, shales and occasional ironstones and thin coals separate the limestones into well-defined beds. These limestone beds have received various fiames of local significance (Hardraw Scar, Simonstone, Middle, Tunderset, Main and many others), and owing to the country being little disturbed by faulting and being much cut up by the streams, they stand out as escarpments on either side of the valleys. The first indication of the intercalation of thick detrital deposits within the massive limestone is seen in Ingleborough and Penyghent; but as the rocks are traced north the detrital matter increases in quantity and the limestones diminish, until in Northumberland the whole Carboniferous series assumes the Yoredale phase, and consists of alternations of detrital and calcareous beds, no massive limestone being seen. ...more on Wikipedia about "Yoredale Series"
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