scientific method scientific method Adversarial review is the process by which some law, hypothesis, or proposal is reviewed by one's adversaries. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adversarial review"
Data analysis is the act of transforming data with the aim of extracting useful information and facilitating conclusions. Depending on the type of data and the question, this might include application of statistical methods, curve fitting, selecting or discarding certain subsets based on specific criteria, or other techniques. Data visualization is sometimes a important part off data analysis, especially in the case off explorative data analysis. ...more on Wikipedia about "Data analysis"
An empirical validation of a hypothesis is required for it to ...more on Wikipedia about "Empirical validation"
Experimental controls are used in scientific experiments to prevent factors other than those being studied from affecting the outcome. ...more on Wikipedia about "Experimental control"
In science, Experimenter's regress refers to a loop of dependence between theory and evidence. In order to judge whether evidence is erroneous we must rely on theory-based expectations, and to judge the value of competing theories we rely on evidence, but to detect errors in experiments we must be aware of theoretical predictions, etc. Cognitive bias affects experiments, and experiments determine which theory is valid. This issue is particularly important in new fields of science where there is no community consensus regarding the relative values of various competing theories, and where sources of experimental error are not well known. ...more on Wikipedia about "Experimenter's regress"
In the sciences, an experimentum crucis, or critical experiment, is an experiment capable of decisively determining whether or not a particular hypothesis or theory is correct. In particular, such an experiment must typically be able to produce a predictable result that no established hypothesis or theory is capable of producing. ...more on Wikipedia about "Experimentum crucis"
The history of the scientific method is indivisible from the history of science itself. ...more on Wikipedia about "History of the scientific method"
A hydrostatic test is the normal way in which a gas pressure vessel such as a gas cylinder or a boiler is checked for leaks or flaws. Testing is very important because such containers can explode if they fail when containing compressed gas. Hydrostatic testing is also a way in which leaks can be found in lower pressure vessels such as pipelines and plumbing. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hydrostatic test"
A hypothesis (foundation from ancient Greek hupothesis where hupo = under and thesis = placing) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. A scientific hypothesis must be testable and based on previous observations or extensions of scientific theories. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hypothesis"
The hypothetico-deductive method is a theory about scientific method. A hypothesis is devised from which can be deduced certain explicit, observable predictions. Observations which run contrary to those predicted are taken as evidence against the hypothesis, observations which are in agreement with those predicted are taken as corroborating the hypothesis. It is then supposedly possible to compare the explanatory value of competing hypotheses by looking to see how well they are sustained by their predictions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Hypothetico-deductive method"
Psychology has adapted the principles of positivist research to develop a wide range of laboratory-based approaches to research. Typically, such research seeks to test a hypothesis in controlled circumstances. In other words, all independent variables (causes) are controlled apart from a test variable to investigate the effect on a dependent variable (effect). ...more on Wikipedia about "Laboratory experimentation"
* Linus Pauling "How do I do it? I have a lot of ideas, and throw out the bad ones". ...more on Wikipedia about "List of topics (scientific method)"
Music theory is a field of study that describes the elements of music and includes the development and application of methods for analyzing and composing music, and the interrelationship between the notation of music and performance practice. Broadly, theory may include any statement, belief, or conception of music ( Boretz, 1995). A person who studies or practices music theory is a music theorist. ...more on Wikipedia about "Music theory"
An observational science is a science where it is not possible to construct controlled experiments in the area under study. For example, in astronomy, it is not possible to create or manipulate stars or galaxies in order to observe what happens. Other examples of necessarily observational sciences include geology, and paleontology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Observational science"
I wish I had a http://www.shortopedia.com. scientific_method
:Peer review may also refer to a structured process in which one's peers in a particular workplace participate in a more general review of the overall quality of work being performed by the person being reviewed. Peer review is often used in combination with a performance appraisal that is conducted by one's supervisor. ...more on Wikipedia about "Peer review"
A physical law, scientific law, or a law of nature is a scientific generalization based on empirical observations of physical behavior. They are typically conclusions based on the confirmation of hypotheses through repeated scientific experiments over many years, and which have become accepted universally within the scientific community. However, there are no strict guidelines as to how or when a scientific hypothesis becomes a scientific law. ...more on Wikipedia about "Physical law"
A prediction or forecast is a statement or claim that a particular event will occur in the future. ...more on Wikipedia about "Prediction"
In the broadest sense qualitative research is research which uses only dichotomous data — that is, data which can take only the values 0 (zero) and 1 (one). In psychological research this definition has been restricted further. In psychology qualitative research has come to be defined as research whose findings are not arrived at by statistical or other quantitative procedures. ...more on Wikipedia about "Qualitative psychological research"
The term "qualitative research" has different meanings in different fields, with the social science usage the most well-known. In the social sciences, qualitative research is a broad term that describes research that focuses on how individuals and groups view and understand the world and construct meaning out of their experiences; it is essentially narrative-oriented. ...more on Wikipedia about "Qualitative research"
Quantitative methods are research methods dealing with numbers and anything that is measurable. They are therefore to be distinguished from qualitative methods. ...more on Wikipedia about "Quantitative method"
Quantitative research is based on the numerical representation of observations for the purpose of describing and explaining the phenomena. It is used in both natural and social sciences, including physics, biology, psychology, sociology and geology, education, and journalism. ...more on Wikipedia about "Quantitative research"
Reproducibility is one of the main principles of the scientific method. ...more on Wikipedia about "Reproducibility"
Retrodiction (or postdiction, though this should not be confused with the use of the term in criticisms of parapsychological research) is the act of making a prediction about the past. This is especially useful when one wishes to test a theory whose actual predictions are too long-term to be of immediate use. The theory is used to manipulate data concerning the more distant past in order to predict an event in the less distant past. This is useful in, for example, the fields of archaeology, evolutionary biology, forensic science, and cosmology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Retrodiction"
Scientific consensus is the collective judgment, position, and opinion of scientists in a particular field of science at a particular time. The scientific consensus is determined by assessing the significant majority agreement of those scientists. Scientific consensus is not, by itself, a scientific argument, and is not part of the scientific method; however, the content of the consensus may itself be based on both scientific arguments and the scientific method. ...more on Wikipedia about "Scientific consensus"
A scientific control augments integrity in experiments by isolating variables as dictated by the scientific method in order to make a conclusion about such variables. In a controlled experiment, two virtually identical experiments are conducted, but the factor being tested is varied in only one of them. This serves to further isolate any causal phenomena. For example, in testing a drug, it is important to carefully test that the supposed effect of the drug is produced only by the drug itself. Doctors achieve this with a double-blind study in a clinical trial: two virtually identical groups of patients are compared, one of which receives the drug and one of which receives a placebo. Neither the patients nor the doctor know which group receives the real drug, which serves both to curb researchers' bias and isolates the effects of the drug. ...more on Wikipedia about "Scientific control"
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