Social groups Social groups In sociology and anthropology, an age grade or age class is a social category based on age, within a series of such categories, through which individuals pass over the course of their lives. This is in contrast to an age set, to which individuals remain permanently attached as the set itself becomes progressively more senior. ...more on Wikipedia about "Age grade"
In anthropology, an age set is a social category or corporate social group, consisting of people of similar age, who have a common identity, maintain close ties over a prolonged period, and together pass through a series of age-related statuses. This is in contrast to an age grade, through which people pass individually over time. ...more on Wikipedia about "Age set"
Alien elites is a historical and political science term for an elite group, either in religion, ethnicity, or beliefs, who is a minority in a majority population. Throughout history this has happened, from the Brahman and Warrior castes in Northern India, the Chinese in Thailand, Afrikaans in South Africa, and the Lebanese in Sierra Leone. This area is often not discussed due to its explosive potentials, because an alien elite usually does not want its prescence known. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alien elites"
The Ancient Greek term aristocracy meant a system of government with "rule by the best". This is the first definition given in most dictionaries. The word is derived from two words, "aristo" meaning the "best" and "kratia" "to rule". Because everyone has different ideas about what is "best", especially in relation to government, the term is tricky to apply in this sense. Aristocracies have most often been hereditary plutocracies (see below), where a sense of historical gravitas and noblesse oblige demands high minded action from its members. ...more on Wikipedia about "Aristocracy"
Ashraaf is a term for the Muslim gentry in South Asia, usually claiming Arab or Turkish descent. This group is the equivalent, in some ways, of the European concept of the "gentry" and families/clans within this group have a family name that signify their position—often based on descent from The Prophet, his immediate circle, major Sufi personalities, or from Genghis Khan or other mongol and Turkish warlords. (See Baig and Khan.) Some families also have names based on places in (both places in South Asia and places in Iran, Afghanistan and the Arab world—like Badakhshani from the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan) or Sufi orders—thus Chishti or Warsi might signify an affiliation/reverence to Moinuddeen Chishti or Nizamuddin Chishti on the one hand or the saint at Dewain Shareef on the other. In the latter case, sometimes, a person will not use the name till they have taken a formal oath of allegiance (bayth) or been initiated into the order. Also, in some cases, the name might have been originally acquired by one ancester in one of the last couple of ways and then used as a family name. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ashraaf"
The term Beatnik was first coined by Herb Caen in an article published by the San Francisco Chronicle on April 2, 1958. Caen coined the term by essentially Russifying the earlier term, Beat generation. The description beat generation was an earlier label invented ca. 1948 by renowned author, Jack Kerouac. Caen coined the term, beatnik, shortly after the historical launch of the Soviet satellite Sputnik and also at the end of the highly anti-communist McCarthy era of American politics. As such, this was an era of intense anti-Communist sentiment in the US, and it was apparently Caen's intent to portray the 'beats' of the beat generation in a rather negative light by his turn of the new phrase. Kerouac's earlier term had more positive connotations, associating the beat generation with words like the musical definition of beat, and with the journalistic definition of beat. ...more on Wikipedia about "Beatnik"
Boston Brahmins, or simply "Brahmins"—sometimes also called the First Families of Boston—are a blue-blooded class of New Englanders who claim hereditary or cultural descent from the Anglo-Saxon Protestants who founded the city of Boston, Massachusetts and originally settled New England. They are part of the historic core of the East Coast Establishment, along with wealthy families of New York and Philadelphia. ...more on Wikipedia about "Boston Brahmin"
Bourgeoisie ( RP [ ], GA [ ]) in modern use refers to the wealthy or propertied social class in a capitalist society. ...more on Wikipedia about "Bourgeoisie"
Bruce Wayne Tuckman ( 1938- ) - published in 1965 a short article - Developmental sequence in small groups: see Forming-storming-norming-performing. In 1977, he added the fifth stafe: adjourning (Stages of Small Group Development Revisited). ...more on Wikipedia about "Bruce Tuckman"
Cantonists ( German: Kantonist, or a person living in a canton) were recruits in Prussia in 1733- 1813, liable for draft in one of the cantons. Each canton was resposible for creating its own regiment. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cantonist"
Chav is a slang term which has been in wide use throughout the United Kingdom since 2004. It refers to a subcultural stereotype of a person with fashions such as flashy " bling" jewellery and counterfeit designer clothes, an uneducated, impoverished background, a tendency to congregate around places such as fast-food outlets or other shopping areas, and a culture of antisocial behaviour. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chav"
A clique ('klik) is an informal and restricted social group formed by a number of people who share common interests - formal social groups are referred to as societies or organisations. Cliques are most notably found amongst groups of teenagers, primarily in high schools and colleges, but also in other similar environments. A somewhat prominent example of cliques is the world of hip hop, with groups such as G-unit and the Junior M.A.F.I.A.. In a general manner, cliques are more prominent amongst females. ...more on Wikipedia about "Clique"
(Cog's Ladder) Polite Stage ...more on Wikipedia about "Cog's Ladder"
The term "coolie" refers to unskilled laborers from Asia in the 1800s to early 1900s who were sent to the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Peru, North Africa, Sri Lanka and the West Indies. The term usually referred to Chinese, Indian, Japanese and Korean laborers and was often used in a derogatory way. ...more on Wikipedia about "Coolie" Made by shortopedia.
Derived from Greek cosmos (the world) and polis (city), cosmopolitan describes something influenced by many cultures from around the world. Applied to people, a cosmopolitan is someone who has adopted a taste for cultures besides the one he or she was born into; thus living both a local and global life as a "citizen of the world." It is mostly agreed upon that identification with a world community is the core of the cosmopolitanism. The first one to define himself as a "kosmou polites" was Diogenes the Cynic who as "a citizen of the world" would seek attachments beyond the local ones, disregarding the importance given to 'accidentally' obtained concepts of gender, place of birth, place of residence and so on. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmopolitan"
A crowd is a group of people, also known (especially in the United States) as a mob. The crowd may have a common purpose or set of emotions, such as at a political rally, at a sports game, or during looting, or simply be made up of many people going about their business in a busy area (eg shopping). ...more on Wikipedia about "Crowd"
Demimonde (singular: Demimondaine) is a polite 19th century term that was often used the same way we use the term "mistress" today. In the 19th century, however, it primarily referred to a class of women on the fringes of respectable society supported by wealthy lovers (usually each had several). The term is also used to refer to these women as a group, and the social circles they moved in, which were at the fringes of respectable society. As a group, the demimonde did not form a 'society', per-se, any more than modern prostitutes form a society. However, they did represent a specific class of women in the latter half of the 19th century and into the early 20th century who, though not respectable, were commonplace fixtures in the upper class) of French, English and, to some extent, American society. In the United States and Britain, they were (and still are) also often referred to as Courtesans, though the term Courtesan in the 19th century applied to a profession (like the term prostitute describes a profession), whereas Demimonde/Demimondaine was used to describe a broader social class of persons. ...more on Wikipedia about "Demimonde"
A dominant minority is a group that has overwhelming political, economic or cultural dominance in a country or region despite representing a small fraction of the overall population (a demographic minority). The term is most commonly used to refer to a racial, national, religious or other minority group that holds disproportionate power. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dominant minority"
(Elite) Élite is taken from the latin, eligere, "to elect". In sociology as in general usage, the élite (the "elect," from French) is a relatively small dominant group within a larger society, which enjoys a privileged status which is upheld by individuals of lower social status within the structure of a group. When applied to an individual, as in the phrase "many élites come to this restaurant," the usage quite economically both refers to an individual within that class and establishes the speaker as non-élite. ...more on Wikipedia about "Elite"
Elitism is a belief or attitude that an elite — a selected group of persons whose personal abilities, specialized training or other attributes place them at the top of any field (see below) — are the people whose views on a matter are to be taken most seriously, or who are alone fit to govern. Elites may also treat others as not being good enough to be their companions. Thus elitism sees an elite as occupying a special position of authority or privilege in a group, set apart from the majority of people who do not match up with their abilities or attributes. Thus this selected elite is treated with favouritism. Members of an inherited elite are aristocrats and naturally tend towards preserving the status quo.. ...more on Wikipedia about "Elitism"
Ephebos (often in the plural epheboi), also anglicized as ephebe, is a Greek word for an adolescent age group or a social status reserved for that age in Antiquity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ephebos"
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An Equestrian ( Latin eques, plural equites) was a member of one of the two upper social classes in the Roman Republic and early Roman Empire. This class is often translated as Knight or Chevalier. However, this translation is not literal, since medieval knights relied on their martial skills, the physical power of their horse and armour to support their position, while the connection of Roman equestrians to horses became more symbolic as early as during the early days of the Republic. The social position of knights and equestrians, however, was extremely similar, equestrians being the nearest Roman equivalent to Medieval nobility, the tax farming system closely approaching feudalism without actually being identical due to inherent differences in the social structure. ...more on Wikipedia about "Equestrian (Roman)"
The concept of ethnic origin is an attempt to classify people, not according to their current nationality, but according to where their ancestors came from. For example somebody living in a monocultural environment, speaking English for example and clearly a member of an English-speaking cultural milieu, may be descended from immigrants speaking some other language and still participate in some of aspects their culture. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ethnic origin"
Évolué is a French term (literally, "evolved," or "developed") used in the colonial era to refer to Congolese who had "evolved" through education or assimilation and accepted European values and patterns of behavior. Évolvés spoke French, usually held white-collar jobs, and were primarily urban. ...more on Wikipedia about "Évolué"
(Forming-storming-norming-performing) The Forming – Storming – Norming – Performing model of team development was first proposed by Bruce Tuckman in 1965, who maintained that these phases are all necessary and inevitable - in order for the team to grow, to face up to challenges, to tackle problems, to find solutions, to plan work, and to deliver results. This model has become the basis for subsequent models of team dynamics and frequently used management theory to describe the behavior of existing teams. It has also taken a firm hold in the field of experiential education, in outdoor education centers and organizations such as Outward Bound and NOLS, where teambuilding and leadership development are key goals. ...more on Wikipedia about "Forming-storming-norming-performing"
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