Sociolinguistics Sociolinguistics Accents mark speakers as a member of a group by their pronunciation of the standard language. These groups may be geographical, socio-economic ( social class), ethnic, or second language speakers. ...more on Wikipedia about "Accent (linguistics)"
In linguistics, an addressee is an intended direct recipient of the speaker's communication. A listener is either an addressee or a bystander. ...more on Wikipedia about "Addressee"
The term adstratum refers to a language which is equal in prestige to another. Generally the term is used only when speaking about languages in a particular country or geopolitical region. For example, early in England's history, English and Norse had an adstratal relationship. ...more on Wikipedia about "Adstratum"
African American Vernacular English (AAVE), also called Black English, Black Vernacular, or Black English Vernacular (BEV), is a type variety ( dialect , ethnolect and sociolect) of the American English language. It is known colloquially as Ebonics, Ebo, or Jive. With pronunciation that in some respects is common to that of Southern American English, the variety is spoken by many blacks in the United States and disenfranchised ethnic minorities worldwide. AAVE shares many characteristics with various Creole English dialects spoken by blacks in much of the world. AAVE also has grammatical origins in, and pronunciation characteristics in common with, various West African languages. ...more on Wikipedia about "African American Vernacular English"
"Anti-establishment" defines a certain view or belief that goes against the conventional social, political and economic principles being used in society. Individuals who are anti-establishment often speak of "fighting the man" and "tearing down the establishment." ...more on Wikipedia about "Anti-establishment"
Australian English (AuE) is the form of the English language used in Australia. ...more on Wikipedia about "Australian English"
The Australian punting glossary explains some of the terms, jargon and slang which are commonly used and heard on Australian racecourses, in TAB’s, on radio, and in the horse racing media. ...more on Wikipedia about "Australian punting glossary" It must be http://www.shortopedia.com. shortopedia
(Australian words) According to stereotype, spoken Australian English is thought to be highly colloquial, possibly more so than other spoken variants. Whether this idea is grounded in reality or not, a substantial number of publications aimed at giving an overview of Australian English have been published. ...more on Wikipedia about "Australian words"
An autonomous language or variety is usually a standard language that has its own established norms, as opposed to a heteronomous variety. ...more on Wikipedia about "Autonomous language"
Barbarism is a language error where a non-standard or an incorrectly formed word or expression is used. ...more on Wikipedia about "Barbarism (grammar)"
Code-switching is a term in linguistics referring to alternation between two or more languages, dialects, or language registers in the course of discourse between people who have more than one language in common. Sometimes the switch lasts only for a few sentences, or even for a single phrase. ...more on Wikipedia about "Code-switching"
Codification is the process of standardizing a language that was not previously written. In some countries such codification is done by a body constituted by the state, such as the French Academy. Codification often happens due to new inventions, changes in values or other cultural influences. See also official language. ...more on Wikipedia about "Codification (linguistics)"
Communicative competence is a linguistic term for the ability not only to apply the grammatical rules of a language to form correct utterances, but also to know when to use these utterances appropriately. The term was coined by Dell Hymes in 1966, reacting against the inadequacy of Noam Chomsky's distinction between competence and performance. ...more on Wikipedia about "Communicative competence"
Corruption or bastardization is a way of referring to certain changes in a language. The most common way that a word can be said to be corrupted is the change of its spelling through errors and gradual changes in comprehension, transcription, and hearing. This is especially common with words borrowed from another language. For example Guangzhou was formerly known as Canton, which is a transliteration of Guangdong following the rules of French sound structures. The terms "corruption" and "bastardization" carry negative connotations, and are rooted in prescriptivist theories of language. ...more on Wikipedia about "Corruption (grammar)"
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is an interdisciplinary approach to the study of texts, which views "language as a form of social practice" (Fairclough 1989: 20) and attempts "to unpack the ideological underpinnings of discourse that have become so naturalized over time that we begin to treat them as common, acceptable and natural features of discourse" (Teo 2000). ...more on Wikipedia about "Critical discourse analysis"
Dawg and dogg are alternate spellings of dog, often applied to close friends. They convey a sense of solidarity, friendship, and usually fierce loyalty. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dawg"
The term diaspora language, coined in the 1980s, is a sociolinguistic idea referring to a variety of language spoken in a place of migration. For example, the great number of Hindi speakers in the United Kingdom has produced a strain of the language unlike that spoken on the Indian subcontinent where it began. This has given rise to Hindlish, also known as Hinglish, an informal term for the mixture of Hindi and English that includes such phrases as city kotwali or "city police station." Hinglish is not considered a full-blown diaspora language but it appears to be developing into one. ...more on Wikipedia about "Diaspora language"
In linguistics, diglossia is a situation where, in a given society, there are two (often) closely-related languages, one of high prestige, which is generally used by the government and in formal texts, and one of low prestige, which is usually the spoken vernacular tongue. The high-prestige language tends to be the more formalised, and its forms and vocabulary often 'filter down' into the vernacular, though often in a changed form. ...more on Wikipedia about "Diglossia"
Discourse is a term used in semantics as in discourse analysis, but it also refers to a social conception of discourse, often linked with the work of French philosopher Michel Foucault (1926-1984) and the The Theory of Communicative Action of Jürgen Habermas, even though each thinker had personal and incompatible conceptions of discourse (Habermas trying to find the transcendent rules upon which speakers could agree on a groundworks consensus, while Foucault was developing a battle-type of discourse opposed to the classic marxist definition of ideology as part of the superstructure). ...more on Wikipedia about "Discourse"
Discourse analysis is a general term for number of approaches to analysing language use above the sentence or clause level. The language in question can be written or spoken texts or systems of texts. The term discourse analysis first entered general use as the title of a paper published by Zellig Harris in 1952. Harris' method was more of an expansion of grammatical analysis than what is now commonly thought of as discourse analysis, and as a result this portion of his work is now largely neglected, other than the title itself. ...more on Wikipedia about "Discourse analysis"
A double entendre is a figure of speech similar to the pun, in which a spoken phrase can be understood in either of two ways. The first, literal meaning is an innocent one, while the second meaning is often ironic or risqué and requires the hearer to have some additional knowledge. Although an expression made of French words, it is not correct modern French ("entendre doublement" or "double entente" would be); the French say double sens ("double meaning") for such phrases. ...more on Wikipedia about "Double entendre"
In language, both dysphemism (from the Greek 'dys' δυς= non and 'pheme' φήμη = speech) and cacophemism (in Greek 'cacos' κακός = bad) are rough opposites of euphemism, meaning the usage of an intentionally harsh word or expression instead of a polite one. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dysphemism"
Ethnolect is a variant of a language spoken by a certain ethnic/ cultural subgroup and serves as a distinguishing mark of social identity. The term combines the concepts of a ethnic group and language (-lect). ...more on Wikipedia about "Ethnolect"
Face refers to someone's public self image. It is the presentation of the self which they would like to project for others. The concept was developed by Erving Goffman, and is used in sociolinguistics, particularly politeness theory. ...more on Wikipedia about "Face (self image)"
A gay lisp is a stereotypical speech attribute assigned in particular to gay males, who are purported to lisp. It is often characterized as a slightly high pitch with the 'S'-type sounds being slightly slurred and over-emphasized. ...more on Wikipedia about "Gay lisp"
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