Soft matter Soft matter In general, a colloid or colloidal dispersion is a one- phase system of two or more components; a type of mixture intermediate between homogeneous solution and heterogeneous mixtures with properties also intermediate between a solution and a mixture. The dispersed particles of a colloid will typically not diffuse across a membrane through which dissolved ions or molecules will cross. The dispersed phase particles are largely affected by the surface chemistry extent in the colloid and are characterized by particle interactions. ...more on Wikipedia about "Colloid"
An emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible (unblendable) substances. One substance (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the continuous phase). Examples of emulsions include butter and margarine, mayonnaise, the photo-sensitive side of film stock, and cutting fluid for metalworking. In butter and margarine, a continuous lipid phase surrounds droplets of water (water-in-oil emulsion). Emulsification is the process by which emulsions are prepared. ...more on Wikipedia about "Emulsion"
Historically, glue only refers to protein colloids prepared from animal tissues. The meaning has been extended to any type of glue-like substances that are used to attach one material to another. ...more on Wikipedia about "Glue"
Ketchup (or catsup) is a popular condiment, usually made with ripened tomatoes. The basic ingredients in modern ketchup are tomatoes, vinegar, sugar, salt, allspice, cloves, and cinnamon. Onions, celery, and other vegetables are frequent additions. In Australia, South Africa, Malaysia, New Zealand and the UK, ketchup is commonly referred to as tomato sauce or simply red sauce. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ketchup"
Liquid crystals are substances that exhibit a phase of matter that has properties between those of a conventional liquid, and those of a solid crystal. For instance, a liquid crystal (LC) may flow like a liquid, but have the molecules in the liquid arranged and oriented in a crystal-like way. There are many different types of LC phase, which can be distinguished based on their different optical properties (such as birefringence). When viewed under a microscope using a polarized light source, a liquid crystal material will appear to have a distinct texture. Each 'patch' in the texture corresponds to a domain where the LC molecules are oriented in a different direction. Within a domain, however, the molecules are well ordered. Liquid crystal materials may not always be in an LC phase (just as water is not always in the liquid phase: it may also be found in the solid or gas phase). Liquid crystals can be divided into thermotropic and lyotropic LCs. Thermotropic LCs exhibit a phase transition into the LC phase as temperature is changed, whereas lyotropic LCs exhibit phase transitions as a function of concentration. ...more on Wikipedia about "Liquid crystal"
Paint is the general term for a family of products used to protect and add color to an object or surface by covering it with a pigmented coating. As a verb, painting is the application of paint. One who paints is called a painter. ...more on Wikipedia about "Paint"
"Polymer" is a generic term used to describe a very long molecule consisting of structural units and repeating units connected by covalent chemical bonds. The key feature that distinguishes polymers from other molecules is the repetition of many identical, similar, or complementary molecular subunits in these chains. These subunits, the monomers, are small molecules of low to moderate molecular weight, and are linked to each other during a chemical reaction called polymerization. ...more on Wikipedia about "Polymer"
Silly Putty is a silicone plastic " clay", marketed as a toy for children by Binney & Smith Inc. It is known as Potty Putty in the UK. Another name is Tricky Putty. It was originally created as a scientific accident on the way to solving another problem: finding a rubber substitute for the United States during World War II. ...more on Wikipedia about "Silly Putty"
Soft matter comprises a variety of states, perhaps best distinguished as being dominated by energies of the order of room temperature thermal energy. At these temperatures, quantum aspects are generally unimportant. Pierre-Gilles de Gennes received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1991 for his research on soft matter. ...more on Wikipedia about "Soft matter"
A supramolecular assembly (supramolecular aggregate) is a molecular assembly that is beyond the scale of one molecule, including on the order of cells. This occurs by weak interactions, i.e., not covalent bonding but van der Waals interactions, electrostatics (e.g, dipole-dipole interactions, ionic interactions) or hydrogen bonds. ...more on Wikipedia about "Supramolecular assembly"
In cooking, a syrup (from Arabic شراب sharab, beverage, via Latin siropus) is a thick, viscous liquid, containing a large amount of dissolved sugars, but showing little tendency to deposit crystals. The viscosity arises from the multiple hydrogen bonds between the dissolved sugar, which has many hydroxyl (OH) groups, and the water. Technically and scientifically, the term syrup is also employed to denote viscous, generally residual, liquids, containing substances other than sugars in solution. ...more on Wikipedia about "Syrup"
Toothpaste is a paste or gel used to clean and improve the aesthetic appearance of teeth. It is almost always used in conjunction with a toothbrush. Toothpaste use can promote good oral hygiene: it can aid in rubbing dental plaque and food off of the teeth, it can eliminate or mask undesirable breath odours, and it can deliver active ingredients such as fluoride to prevent tooth and gum disease. Most people in developed countries consider toothpaste a necessity and use it at least once a day. ...more on Wikipedia about "Toothpaste"
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