Soil science Soil science The A horizon is the layer of soil near the surface, and is roughly equivalent to topsoil. Plant roots and seeds grow in this layer, which is primarily composed of humus and minerals. The A horizon is below the O horizon and above the B horizon. ...more on Wikipedia about "A horizon"
An acrisol is a type of soil as classified by the Food and Agriculture Organization. It is clay-rich, and is associated with humid, tropical climates, such as those found in Brazil, and often supports forested areas. ...more on Wikipedia about "Acrisol"
In environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during the autumn. ...more on Wikipedia about "Active layer"
Agricultural science is a broad multidisciplinary field that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic, and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. ( Veterinary science, but not animal science, is often excluded from the definition.) ...more on Wikipedia about "Agricultural science"
Alcrete is a type of soil deposit, rich in aluminum. It is generally found in tropical regions, where the parent material is rapidly weathered because of high rainfall and high ambient temperatures. In these conditions, more mobile elements are leached out of the soil, leaving the relatively insoluble Al3+ ions behind. A hard, nearly impermeable crust, called a duricrust, may form on or near the surface of such soils. Duricrusts of aluminum-rich soils are called alcrete, or aluminocrete. Alcrete deposits with extremely high concentrations of aluminum are known as bauxite, the source of commercial aluminum ore. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alcrete"
Alfisols are a soil order in USA soil taxonomy. Alfisols form in semiarid to humid areas, typically under a hardwood forest cover. They have a clay and nutrient-enriched subsoil. Because of their productivity and abundance, the Alfisols represent one of the more important soil orders. ...more on Wikipedia about "Alfisols"
In USA soil taxonomy, Andisols are soils formed in volcanic ash and defined in terms of the dominance of glass and poorly crystalline colloidal materials such as allophane, imogolite, and ferrihydrite (andic properties). In the FAO soil classification, Andisols are known as Andosols. ...more on Wikipedia about "Andisols" Please tell your friends about shortopedia Soil_science
Aridisols are a soil order in USA soil taxonomy. Aridisols (from the Latin aridus, for “dry”) form in an arid or semi-arid climate. Aridisols dominate the deserts and xeric shrublands which occupy about one third of the Earth's land surface. Aridisols have a very poor concentration of organic matter (In this case decomposed material, humus).
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Available water capacity (AWC) is defined as the range of available water that can be stored in soil and be available for growing crops (Richards and Wadleigh, 1952). ...more on Wikipedia about "Available water capacity"
In ABC soil, the second or subsurface zone of soil made of clay and oxidized materials and organic matter obtained from the A horizon by leaching; subsoil. Also called zone of accumulation, zone of illuviation. ...more on Wikipedia about "B horizon"
Biogeology is the study of how the biosphere and the lithosphere interact. ...more on Wikipedia about "Biogeology"
Caliche is a hardened deposit of calcium carbonate. This calcium carbonate cements together other materials, including gravel, sand, clay, and silt. It is found in aridisol and mollisol soil orders. Caliche occurs worldwide, generally in arid or semi-arid regions, including in central and western Australia, in the Kalahari Desert, and in the High Plains of the western USA. Caliche is also known as hardpan, calcrete, kankar (in India), or duricrust. The term caliche is Spanish and is originally from the Latin calx, meaning lime. ...more on Wikipedia about "Caliche"
The capillary fringe is the subsurface layer in which water molecules seep up from a water table by capillary action to fill pores. Pores at the base of the capillary fringe are filled with water due to tension saturation. This saturated portion of the capillary fringe is less than total capillary rise because of the presence of a mix in pore size. If pore size is small and relatively uniform, it is possible that soils can be completely saturated with water for several feet above the water table. Alternately, the saturated portion will extend only a few inches above the water table when pore size is large or non-uniform. Capillary action supports an unsaturated zone above the saturated base within which water content decreases with distance above the water table. In soils with a wide range in pore size, the unsaturated zone can be several times thicker than the saturated zone. ...more on Wikipedia about "Capillary fringe"
The Cecil soil series is an Ultisol which is extensive in the Piedmont region of the southeastern United States. It extends from Virginia through North Carolina (where it is the State Soil), South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama. It has developed over igneous rock such as granite, and metamorphic rock which is chemically similar to granite. Virgin Cecil soils support forests dominated by pine, oak and hickory, and have a topsoil of brown sandy loam. The subsoil is a red clay which is dominated by kaolinite and has considerable mica. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cecil (soil)"
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Chernozem, or Black Earth (from Russian: ), is a kind of soil. This black-coloured soil contains a very high percentage of humus — 3% to 15%, rich in phosphoric acids, phosphorus and ammonia. It has a large depth, often more than 40 inches, up to 250 inches (6 metres) in Ukraine. It is very fertile and does not require any fertilizing. Because of that it is often considered to be the best kind of soil. ...more on Wikipedia about "Chernozem"
Clay is a generic term for an aggregate of hydrous silicate particles less than 4 μm ( micrometres) in diameter. Clay consists of a variety of phyllosilicate minerals rich in silicon and aluminium oxides and hydroxides which include variable amounts of structural water. Clays are generally formed by the chemical weathering of silicate-bearing rocks by carbonic acid, but some are formed by hydrothermal activity. Clays are distinguished from other small particles present in soils such as silt by their small size, flake or layered shape, affinity for water and high plasticity index. ...more on Wikipedia about "Clay"
In geology, a claypan is a dense, compact, slowly permeable layer in the subsoil having a much higher clay content than the overlying material, from which it is separated by a sharply defined boundary. Claypans are usually hard when dry, and plastic and sticky when wet. They limit or slow the downward movement of water through the soil. ...more on Wikipedia about "Claypan"
In Gelisols, cryoturbation refers to the mixing of materials from various horizons of the soil right down to the parent rock. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cryoturbation"
Depression storage capacity, in soil science, is the ability of a particular area of land to retain water in its pits and depressions, thus preventing it from flowing away. Depression storage capacity, along with infiltration capacity, is one of the main factors involved in Horton overland flow, whereby water volume surpasses both infiltration and depression storage capacity and begins to flow horizontally across land, possibly leading to flooding and soil erosion. The study of land's depression storage capacity is important in the fields of geology, ecology, and especially hydrology. ...more on Wikipedia about "Depression storage capacity"
A derelict soil is a soil that has been damaged by industrial or other development activity, and which is currently unused. It may usually be brought back to use only after soil remediation. ...more on Wikipedia about "Derelict soil"
Digital Soil Mapping or Predictive Soil Mapping is the computer-assisted production of digital maps of soil type and soil properties. It typically implies use of mathematical and statistical models that combine information from soil observations with information contained in correlated environmental variables and remote sensing images. ...more on Wikipedia about "Digital soil mapping"
The disc permeameter is a field instrument used for measuring water infiltration in the soil, which characteried in situ saturated and unsaturated soil hydraulic properties. It is mainly used to provide estimates of soil near saturation hydraulic conductivity. ...more on Wikipedia about "Disc permeameter"
Dopplerite is a naturally occurring organic substance found in amorphous, elastic or jelly-like masses, of brownish-black color, in peat beds in Styria and in Switzerland. It is tasteless, insoluble in alcohol and ether, and is described by James Dwight Dana as an acid substance, or mixture of different acids, related to humic acid. It is named after the physicist and mathematician Christian Doppler. ...more on Wikipedia about "Dopplerite"
Ecohydrology is a sub-discipline of hydrology that focuses on ecological processes involved in the hydrological cycle. These processes generally occur within the soil and plant foliage, and so emphasis is put on transpiration and thermodynamic energy balance at the land surface. ...more on Wikipedia about "Ecohydrology"
The word edaphology is derived from the Greek words "edaphos" meaning ground or floor, and "logy" meaning word, or wisdom. Edaphology (syn. as applied to agronomy: agrology) is one of the two main branches of soil science, the other being pedology. Edaphology is concerned with the influence of soils on living things, particularly plants. The term is also applied to the study of how soil influences man's overall use of the land. ...more on Wikipedia about "Edaphology"
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