Soyuz programme Soyuz programme The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was the first joint flight of the US and Soviet space programs. The Apollo Spacecraft and Docking Module were launched ...more on Wikipedia about "Apollo-Soyuz Test Project"
Cosmos 133 was a Soviet Soyuz programme test satellite launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome aboard a Vostok rocket. It was the first test flight of the Soyuz 7K-OK earth orbit spacecraft. It was a planned "all up" test with a second Soyuz to be launched the following day and automatically dock with Cosmos 133. However, its attitude control system malfunctioned, resulting in rapid consumption of orientation fuel, leaving it spinning at 2 rpm. After heroic efforts by ground control and 5 attempts at retrofire over two days, the craft was finally coming down for a landing. Due to the inaccuracy of the reentry burn, it was determined that the capsule would land in China. The self destruct command was given and the satellite exploded November 30, 1966 at 10:21 GMT. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmos 133"
Cosmos 140 was a probable Soyuz programme precursor. It was the third attempted flight of the Soyuz 7K-OK model. The spacecraft experienced attitude control and excessive fuel consumption in orbit, but remained controllable. An attempted maneuver on the 22nd revolution still showed problems with the control system. It malfunctioned yet again during retrofire, leading to a steeper than planned reentry and a 300 mm hole being burned in the heat shield. Although such an event would be lethel to any human occupants, the capsules recovery systems operated and the capsule crashed through the ice of the frozen Aral Sea, hundreds of kilometers short of its landing zone. The spacecraft finally sank in 10 meters of water and had to be retrieved by divers. However, the mission was "good enough" for the next mission set to be a manned two-craft docking and crew transfer space spectacular. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmos 140"
Cosmos 186 incorporated a Soyuz programme descent module for landing scientific instruments and test objects. Automatic mating of Soyuz test spacecraft in orbit was accomplished on October 30, 1967, by Cosmos 186 and Cosmos 188. Mutual search, approach, mooring, and docking were automatically performed. After 3.5 h of joint flight, the satellites parted on a command sent from the earth and continued to orbit separately. On October 31, 1967, Cosmos 186 made a soft landing in a predetermined region of the USSR. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmos 186"
Cosmos 188 incorporated a Soyuz programme descent module for landing scientific instruments and test objects. Automatic mating of Soyuz test spacecraft in orbit was accomplished on October 30, 1967, by Cosmos 186 and Cosmos 188. Mutual search, approach, mooring, and docking were automatically performed. After 3.5 h of joint flight, the satellites parted on a command sent from the earth and continued to orbit separately. On November 2, 1967, Cosmos 188 made a soft landing in a predetermined region of the USSR. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmos 188"
Cosmos 212 was one of a series of Soviet Soyuz programme test spacecraft whose purpose was to further test and develop the passenger version. Scientific data and measurements were relayed to earth by multichannel telemetry systems equipped with space-borne memory units. Cosmos 212 and Cosmos 213 automatically docked in orbit on April 15 1968. Both spacecraft landed on Soviet territory. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmos 212"
Cosmos 213 was one of a series of Soviet Soyuz programme test spacecraft whose purpose was to further test and develop the passenger version. Scientific data and measurements were relayed to earth by multichannel telemetry systems equipped with space-borne memory units. Cosmos 212 and Cosmos 213 automatically docked in orbit on April 15 1968. Both spacecraft landed on Soviet territory. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmos 213"
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Cosmos 238 was final test series of Soviet Soyuz programme spacecraft prior to the launch of Soyuz 3. It tested the orbital maneuvering system, reentry, descent and landing systems that had been modified and improved after the Soyuz 1 accident. ...more on Wikipedia about "Cosmos 238"
Foton (or Photon) is the project name of two series of Russian science satellite programs. Although unmanned, the design was adapted from the manned Vostok spacecraft capsule. The primary focus of the Foton project is materials science research, but some missions have also carried experiments for other fields of research including biology. The original Foton series included 12 launches from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome from 1985 to 1999. The second series, under the name Foton-M, incorporates many design improvements over the original Foton, and is still in use. So far, there have been two launch attempts of the Foton-M. The first in 2002 from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, which ended failure due to a problem in the launch vehicle, and a second attempt in 2005 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Both the Foton and Foton-M series used Soyuz-U (11A511U and 11A511U2) rockets as launch vehicles. Starting with the Foton-7 mission, the European Space Agency has been a partner in the Foton program. ...more on Wikipedia about "Foton"
The Reeentry capsule is the part of the Soviet/Russian Soyuz or Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft that returns to Earth after a space flight. The reentry capsule, which is shaped like that of an old-fashioned headlight, contains the spacecraft's instrument panel, limited storage space, and seats for up to 3 crew members. ...more on Wikipedia about "Reentry capsule"
The Sokol space suit ( Russian: Ѕокол, Falcon) is a type of Russian spacesuit, worn by all astronauts and cosmonauts that fly on the Soyuz spacecraft. It was introduced in 1973, and is still used as of 2005. The Sokol is officially described as a rescue suit, and it is not capable of being used outside the spacecraft in a spacewalk or extra-vehicular activity. Instead, its purpose is to keep the wearer alive in the event of an accidental depressurisation of the spacecraft. In this respect it is similar to the ACES suit worn by NASA's shuttle astronauts. ...more on Wikipedia about "Sokol space suit"
Soyuz 1 ( Russian Союз 1, Union 1) was part of the Soviet Union's space program and was launched into orbit on April 23, 1967, carrying a single cosmonaut, Colonel Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov, who was killed when the spacecraft crashed after its return to Earth. This was the first in-flight fatality in the history of manned spaceflight. ...more on Wikipedia about "Soyuz 1"
Soyuz 10 was the first planned visit to the world's first space station, Salyut 1, which ...more on Wikipedia about "Soyuz 10"
Soyuz 11 was the second attempted and the first successful visit to the world's first space station, Salyut 1. ( Soyuz 10 was unable to dock.) The Soyuz spacecraft was launched on June 6, 1971, from Baikonur Cosmodrome in central Kazakh SSR with cosmonauts Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski and Viktor Patsayev on-board. ...more on Wikipedia about "Soyuz 11"
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Soyuz 12 was the test flight of the newly-redesigned Soyuz spacecraft that was intended to ...more on Wikipedia about "Soyuz 12"
Soyuz 13 was a second test flight of the redesigned Soyuz capsule that first flew as ...more on Wikipedia about "Soyuz 13"
(Soyuz 14) *Mass: 6,800 kg ...more on Wikipedia about "Soyuz 14"
Soyuz 15 was a human spaceflight mission of the Soviet Union. It was to have been the second mission to the Salyut 3 space station with presumably military objectives. ...more on Wikipedia about "Soyuz 15"
Soyuz 16 was a test flight in the project to achieve a joint Soviet- US space flight that resulted in the Apollo-Soyuz mission. ...more on Wikipedia about "Soyuz 16"
(Soyuz 17) *Mass: 6800 kg ...more on Wikipedia about "Soyuz 17"
Soyuz 18, of the Soyuz spacecraft series, brought cosmonauts Pyotr Klimuk and Vitali Sevastyanov to the Salyut 4 space station where they remained in orbit for 63 days. ...more on Wikipedia about "Soyuz 18"
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Soyuz 18 was a Soyuz spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union but which failed to achieve orbit due to a serious malfunction during launch. The crew consisted of commander Vasili Lazarev, an Air Force major, and flight engineer Oleg Makarov (civilian). ...more on Wikipedia about "Soyuz 18a"
Soyuz 2 was an unpiloted spacecraft in the Soyuz family intended to perform a docking manoeuvre with Soyuz 3. Although the two craft approached closely, the docking did not take place. ...more on Wikipedia about "Soyuz 2"
(Soyuz 20) *Mass: 6570 kg ...more on Wikipedia about "Soyuz 20"
(Soyuz 21) *Mass: 6800 kg ...more on Wikipedia about "Soyuz 21"
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